Interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and subclinical atherosclerosis

Intake of saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol alter cardiovascular disease risk, but their effect on subclinical atherosclerosis remains understudied. The objective was to examine and quantify the interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and mean carotid artery intimal medial thi...

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Published in:The American journal of clinical nutrition 2008-01, Vol.87 (1), p.168-174
Main Authors: Merchant, Anwar T, Kelemen, Linda E, de Koning, Lawrence, Lonn, Eva, Vuksan, Vlad, Jacobs, Ruby, Davis, Bonnie, Teo, Koon K, Yusuf, Salim, Anand, Sonia S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
adults
Aged
Alcohol
Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology
Asian People
atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis - epidemiology
Atherosclerosis - etiology
Atherosclerosis - pathology
Biological and medical sciences
Canada
Cardiology
Cardiovascular disease
cardiovascular diseases
carotid arteries
Carotid Arteries - anatomy & histology
Carotid Arteries - diagnostic imaging
Carotid Arteries - pathology
carotid atherosclerosis
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dietary Fats - administration & dosage
disease course
ethnicity
Fatty acids
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Female
food frequency questionnaires
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Indians, North American
Male
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
nationalities and ethnic groups
Nutrition
risk factors
Saturated fatty acids
subclinical atherosclerosis
Surveys and Questionnaires
thickness
trans fatty acids
Trans Fatty Acids - administration & dosage
Tunica Intima - anatomy & histology
Tunica Intima - diagnostic imaging
Tunica Intima - pathology
Tunica Media - anatomy & histology
Tunica Media - diagnostic imaging
Tunica Media - pathology
Ultrasonography, Interventional
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
White People
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Summary:Intake of saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol alter cardiovascular disease risk, but their effect on subclinical atherosclerosis remains understudied. The objective was to examine and quantify the interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and mean carotid artery intimal medial thickness (IMT). We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study among 620 persons of Aboriginal, South Asian, Chinese, or European origin aged 35–75 y, who had lived in Canada for ≥5 y. Mean IMT was calculated from 6 well-defined segments of the right and left carotid arteries with standardized B-mode ultrasound, and saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol intakes were measured with validated food-frequency questionnaires. For every 10-g/d increase in saturated fat intake, IMT was 0.03 mm higher (P = 0.01) after multivariate adjustment. A 1-g/d higher intake of trans fat was associated with a 0.03-mm higher IMT (P = 0.02) after multivariate adjustment. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P:S) was inversely associated with IMT after multivariate adjustment (change in IMT: −0.06 mm; P < 0.01). Saturated and trans fat intakes were independently associated with IMT thickness (change in IMT: 0.03 mm; P < 0.01 and 0.02, respectively; P for interaction = 0.01). Polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, cholesterol, and total fat intakes were unrelated to IMT. The relation between saturated fat intake and IMT strengthened (β = 0.0066, P < 0.001) in persons who never or rarely consumed alcohol as compared with moderate or heavy drinkers (β = 0.0001, P = 0.79, P for interaction = 0.01). Higher habitual intakes of saturated and trans fats are independently associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis, and alcohol intake may attenuate the relation between saturated fat and subclinical atherosclerosis.
ISSN:0002-9165
1938-3207
DOI:10.1093/ajcn/87.1.168