Tracing the history of hepatitis B virus genotype D in western Japan

The major hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Japan are B and C. HBV genotype D (HBV/D), however, is widespread in a small area of Western Japan, where the Gianotti–Crosti syndrome caused by HBV subtype ayw, which is suspected to be HBV/D, was endemic in the 1970s. The aim of the study was to eluci...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical virology 2006-01, Vol.78 (1), p.44-52
Main Authors: Michitaka, Kojiro, Tanaka, Yasuhito, Horiike, Norio, Duong, Tran Nhu, Chen, Yan, Matsuura, Kana, Hiasa, Yoichi, Mizokami, Masashi, Onji, Morikazu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acrodermatitis - virology
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Biological and medical sciences
complete genome sequence
DNA, Viral - chemistry
DNA, Viral - genetics
Evolution, Molecular
evolutionary rate
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genotype
Gianotti-Crosti syndrome
Hepatitis B - epidemiology
Hepatitis B - virology
hepatitis B surface antigen
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis B virus - classification
Hepatitis B virus - genetics
Hepatitis B virus - isolation & purification
Human viral diseases
Humans
Infectious diseases
Japan - epidemiology
Japanese-Russian war
Male
Medical sciences
Microbiology
Middle Aged
Miscellaneous
Molecular Epidemiology
Mutation
Phylogeny
Sequence Analysis, DNA
subtype
Viral diseases
Virology
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Summary:The major hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Japan are B and C. HBV genotype D (HBV/D), however, is widespread in a small area of Western Japan, where the Gianotti–Crosti syndrome caused by HBV subtype ayw, which is suspected to be HBV/D, was endemic in the 1970s. The aim of the study was to elucidate its origin, time of transmission, and spread in this area. Genotyping of HBV‐DNA was done in 363 patients with HBV infection. The year of birth was checked in patients with HBV/D. The full genome sequences of 20 HBV/D strains, 2 of which were obtained from a single carrier with a 19‐year‐interval, were analyzed. An evolutionary rate, the date of the most recent common ancestor, and the effective number of HBV/D infections were calculated. Fifty‐two of 363 patients were infected with HBV/D, and 39 were born in 1970s. In a phylogenetic tree, the 20 HBV/D strains produced a definite cluster, and the evolutionary rate was calculated to be 5.4 × 10−5 nucleotide substitutions/site/year. The root of the tree was estimated to be in approximately 1,900 and began to spread from the 1940s, leading to a rapid increase of infected patients in the 1970s. From these results, it is suspected that HBV/D was likely transmitted to the area investigated approximately 100 years ago and then spread widely in the 1970s. From the history of the area and the genetic analysis, HBV/D in this area was speculated to be of Russian origin. J. Med. Virol. 78:44–52, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
ISSN:0146-6615
1096-9071
DOI:10.1002/jmv.20502