Codling Moth Management and Chemical Ecology

Lepidopteran insects use sex pheromones to communicate for mating. Olfactory communication and mate-finding can be prevented by permeating the atmosphere with synthetic pheromone. Pheromone-mediated mating disruption has become a commercially viable pest management technique and is used to control t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of entomology 2008-01, Vol.53 (1), p.503-522
Main Authors: Witzgall, P, Stelinski, L, Gut, L, Thomson, D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agriculture - methods
Animals
apples
Biological and medical sciences
chemical ecology
codlemone
Control
Cydia pomonella
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
insect communication
insect control
Insect Control - methods
Integrated pest control
Lepidoptera
literature reviews
Male
Malus
Malus - chemistry
Malus domestica
mating behavior
mating disruption
Moths - drug effects
Moths - physiology
orchards
Pest Control, Biological - methods
pest management
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
Protozoa. Invertebrates
Sex Attractants - administration & dosage
Sex Attractants - chemistry
sex pheromones
Sexual Behavior, Animal - drug effects
sexual communication
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Summary:Lepidopteran insects use sex pheromones to communicate for mating. Olfactory communication and mate-finding can be prevented by permeating the atmosphere with synthetic pheromone. Pheromone-mediated mating disruption has become a commercially viable pest management technique and is used to control the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, a key insect pest of apple, on 160,000 ha worldwide. The codling moth sex pheromone, codlemone, is species specific and nontoxic. Orchard treatments with up to 100 grams of synthetic codlemone per hectare effectively control codling moth populations over the entire growing season. Practical implementation of the mating disruption technique has been realized at an opportune time, as codling moth has become resistant to many insecticides. We review codling moth chemical ecology and factors underlying the behavioral mechanisms and practical implementation of mating disruption. Area-wide programs are the result of collaborative efforts between academic research institutions, extension, chemical industries, and grower organizations, and they demonstrate the environmental and economic relevance of pheromone research.
ISSN:0066-4170
1545-4487
DOI:10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093323