ADA genetic polymorphism and the effect of smoking on neonatal bilirubinemia and developmental parameters

Abstract Background Genetic variability of metabolic enzymes may influence the effect of cigarette smoking on intrauterine development and on early neonatal events. Aims To investigate the role of adenosine deaminase genetic polymorphism on the effect of smoking on neonatal bilirubinemia and develop...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Early human development 2008-11, Vol.84 (11), p.739-743
Main Authors: Gloria-Bottini, F, Magrini, A, Cozzoli, E, Bergamaschi, A, Bottini, E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ADA
Adenosine Deaminase - genetics
Adenosine Deaminase - metabolism
Advanced Basic Science
Alleles
Bilirubin
Bilirubin - blood
Biological and medical sciences
Birth Weight
Electrophoresis, Starch Gel
Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genetic Variation
Gestational Age
Humans
Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal - blood
Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal - enzymology
Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal - genetics
Infant, Newborn - blood
Isoenzymes
Jaundice
Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine
Newborn
Phenotype
Polymorphism, Genetic
Pregnancy
Prospective Studies
Smoke
Smoking - adverse effects
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Summary:Abstract Background Genetic variability of metabolic enzymes may influence the effect of cigarette smoking on intrauterine development and on early neonatal events. Aims To investigate the role of adenosine deaminase genetic polymorphism on the effect of smoking on neonatal bilirubinemia and developmental parameters. Study design Analysis of association between adenosine deaminase phenotypes and neonatal developmental parameters. Prospective study of serum bilirubin level in relation to adenosine deaminase phenotype. Methods We have studied 360 consecutive newborn infants from the Caucasian population of Rome. Serum bilirubin concentration was determined at birth and every 24 h for the first five days. Results Overall maternal smoking is associated with a slight decrease in the incidence of phototherapy (13.4% in non smoking vs 11.7% in smoking mothers) and with a reduction of birth weight (3374 g in non smoking mothers vs 3133 g in smoking mothers). There is a significant interaction between smoke and adenosine deaminase. While in non smoking mothers the incidence of phototherapy in carriers of ADA ⁎2 allele is higher than in ADA 1 phenotype, in infants from smoking mothers the pattern is reversed and the incidence of phototherapy in carriers of ADA ⁎2 allele is lower than in infants with ADA 1 phenotype. Other neonatal bilirubin parameters follow a similar pattern of interaction between smoking and ADA. The negative effect of smoke on birth weight is much more evident in infant with ADA 1 phenotype than in those carrying the ADA ⁎2 allele. Conclusions The data suggest that ADA phenotype modifies the effect of smoking on developmental and bilirubin parameters.
ISSN:0378-3782
1872-6232
DOI:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.05.001