Correlation of Clinical and Biochemical Findings with Diabetic Ketoacidosis–Related Cerebral Edema in Children Using Magnetic Resonance Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

Objective To determine clinical and biochemical factors influencing cerebral edema formation during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children. Study design We used magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging to quantify edema formation. We measured the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of brain w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of pediatrics 2008-10, Vol.153 (4), p.541-546.e1
Main Authors: Glaser, Nicole S., MD, Marcin, James P., MD, MPH, Wootton-Gorges, Sandra L., MD, Buonocore, Michael H., MD, PhD, Rewers, Arleta, MD, PhD, Strain, John, MD, DiCarlo, Joseph, MD, Neely, E. Kirk, MD, Barnes, Patrick, MD, Kuppermann, Nathan, MD, MPH
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Brain Edema - etiology
Brain Edema - metabolism
Brain Edema - physiopathology
Child
Dehydration
Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance
Diabetic Ketoacidosis - complications
Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)
Endocrinopathies
Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance
General aspects
Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Hyperventilation
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
Medical sciences
Multivariate Analysis
Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)
Neurology
Osmolar Concentration
Pediatrics
Respiration
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Summary:Objective To determine clinical and biochemical factors influencing cerebral edema formation during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children. Study design We used magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging to quantify edema formation. We measured the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of brain water during and after DKA treatment in 26 children and correlated ADC changes with clinical and biochemical variables. Results Mean ADC values were elevated during DKA treatment compared with baseline (8.13 ± 0.47 vs 7.74 ± 0.49 × 10−4 mm2 /sec, difference in means 0.40, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.55, P < .001). Children with altered mental status during DKA had greater elevation in ADC. ADC elevation during DKA was positively correlated with initial serum urea nitrogen concentration (correlation coefficient 0.41, P = .03) and initial respiratory rate (correlation coefficient 0.61, P < .001). ADC elevation was not significantly correlated with initial serum glucose, sodium or effective osmolality, nor with changes in glucose, sodium or osmolality during treatment. Multivariable analyses identified the initial urea nitrogen concentration and respiratory rate as independently associated with ADC elevation. Conclusions The degree of edema formation during DKA in children is correlated with the degree of dehydration and hyperventilation at presentation, but not with factors related to initial osmolality or osmotic changes during treatment. These data support the hypothesis that CE is related to cerebral hypoperfusion during DKA, and that osmotic fluctuations during DKA treatment do not play a primary causal role.
ISSN:0022-3476
1097-6833
DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.04.048