Morphological, genetic, and chemical polymorphism of Curcuma kwangsiensis

Previously, Chinese Gajutsu available in Japan was identified, from the chloroplast trn K gene sequence, to be the rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis and two genotypes of C. kwangsiensis . Although we defined the two genotypes, the pl and gl types, on the basis of the nucleotide difference, their exter...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of natural medicines 2008-10, Vol.62 (4), p.413-422
Main Authors: Komatsu, Katsuko, Sasaki, Yohei, Tanaka, Ken, Kuba, Yoshiaki, Fushimi, Hirotoshi, Cai, Shao-Qing
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
China
Complementary & Alternative Medicine
Curcuma - chemistry
Drugs, Chinese Herbal - chemistry
Heterozygote
Homozygote
Japan
Medicinal Chemistry
Molecular Sequence Data
Original Paper
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Pharmacy
Phenotype
Plant Sciences
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Rhizome
RNA, Plant
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics
Sequence Analysis, RNA
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Summary:Previously, Chinese Gajutsu available in Japan was identified, from the chloroplast trn K gene sequence, to be the rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis and two genotypes of C. kwangsiensis . Although we defined the two genotypes, the pl and gl types, on the basis of the nucleotide difference, their external features did not correspond to the two phenotypes described in the literature. In this paper, to investigate the relationship between genotype and phenotype of C. kwangsiensis , a field investigation was carried out in its main cultivation areas of Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and Guangdong Province, China, and sequence analysis of the trn K gene and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of the nuclear 18S rRNA gene were performed on the collected specimens. Four genotypes of C. kwangsiensis were recognized from the combined 18S rRNA gene– trn K gene sequences: homozygote-K(gl)Wtk type, homozygote-K(pl)Ztk type, heterozygote-K(gl)Wtk type, and heterozygote-Ltk type. Among the four genotypes, C. kwangsiensis in a field used for cultivation of Gajutsu was of heterozygote-K(gl)Wtk type. Formation of a heterozygote in the 18S rRNA gene might be a result of crossbreeding of C. kwangsiensis with several Curcuma species which had cytosine at nucleotide position 234. GC analysis of the rhizomes revealed that C. kwangsiensis was characterized by camphor and β-elemene, and by detecting additional components such as curdione and curcumenol Curcuma species involved in the formation of the heterozygote might be speculated upon.
ISSN:1340-3443
1861-0293
DOI:10.1007/s11418-008-0272-x