Forced Normalization: Clinical and Therapeutic Relevance

The phenomenon of forced normalization and its clinical counterpart, alternative psychoses, is discussed. The historical origins are briefly noted before the clinical presentation, and some associated clinical findings are given. The main part of the article is devoted to the literature on chemical...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Epilepsia (Copenhagen) 1999-01, Vol.40 (s10), p.s57-s64
Main Authors: Krishnamoorthy, E. S., Trimble, M. R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alternative psychoses
Animals
Cats
Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology
Comorbidity
Diagnosis, Differential
Dopamine - physiology
Electroencephalography - statistics & numerical data
Epilepsy - diagnosis
Epilepsy - epidemiology
Epilepsy - physiopathology
Forced normalization
Functional Laterality - physiology
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - physiology
Glutamic Acid - physiology
Humans
Kindling
Kindling, Neurologic - physiology
Mechanisms
Mental Disorders - diagnosis
Mental Disorders - epidemiology
Mental Disorders - physiopathology
Neurotransmitter Agents - physiology
Neurotransmitters
Psychotic Disorders - diagnosis
Psychotic Disorders - epidemiology
Psychotic Disorders - physiopathology
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Summary:The phenomenon of forced normalization and its clinical counterpart, alternative psychoses, is discussed. The historical origins are briefly noted before the clinical presentation, and some associated clinical findings are given. The main part of the article is devoted to the literature on chemical and electrical kindling, in an attempt to provide some heuristic model to understand the antithetical relationship between seizures and behavior disorders. We conclude that the use of the kindling model may provide further insights into these phenomena, particularly taking into account such key neurotransmitters as glutamate, dopamine, and GABA.
ISSN:0013-9580
1528-1167
DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00886.x