Invertebrate trypsins: a review

Food protein hydrolysis, a crucial step in digestion, is catalyzed by trypsin enzymes from the digestive apparatus of invertebrates. Trypsin appeared early in evolution and occurs in all phyla and, in the digestive systems of invertebrates, it became the most abundant proteinase. As in vertebrates,...

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Published in:Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology, 2008-08, Vol.178 (6), p.655-672
Main Authors: Muhlia-Almazán, Adriana, Sánchez-Paz, Arturo, García-Carreño, Fernando L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Physiological
Amino Acid Sequence
Amino acids
Animal Physiology
Animals
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Calcium - metabolism
Crustacea - enzymology
Crustaceans
Dietary Proteins - metabolism
Digestive System - enzymology
Endocrine System - enzymology
Enzyme Activation
Enzymes
Evolution
Evolution, Molecular
Food
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Human Physiology
Hydrolysis
Insect Hormones - metabolism
Insect Proteins - metabolism
Insecta - enzymology
Invertebrates
Invertebrates - enzymology
Invertebrates - genetics
Isoenzymes
Life Sciences
Molecular Sequence Data
Peptides
Physiology
Protein Conformation
Proteins
Review
Transcription, Genetic
Trypsin - chemistry
Trypsin - genetics
Trypsin - metabolism
Trypsinogen - chemistry
Trypsinogen - genetics
Trypsinogen - metabolism
Vertebrates
Zoology
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Summary:Food protein hydrolysis, a crucial step in digestion, is catalyzed by trypsin enzymes from the digestive apparatus of invertebrates. Trypsin appeared early in evolution and occurs in all phyla and, in the digestive systems of invertebrates, it became the most abundant proteinase. As in vertebrates, invertebrate trypsin is also present in several forms (isoenzymes). Its physiological importance in food protein digestion in several invertebrate species has emerged with compelling evidence; and several other physiological functions, such as regulation of digestive functions, are now settled. Recent advances in the knowledge of invertebrate trypsin synthesis, regulation, genetics, catalytic characteristics; structure, evolution, as well as inhibition, especially in non-Drosophilidae insects and in some crustaceans are reviewed. Most of the existing information is largely based on the use of several tools, including molecular techniques, to answer many still open questions and solve medical, agricultural, and food quality problems.
ISSN:0174-1578
1432-136X
DOI:10.1007/s00360-008-0263-y