Structural remodeling of nucleus ambiguus projections to cardiac ganglia following chronic intermittent hypoxia in C57BL/6J mice

The baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) is reduced following chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Since the nucleus ambiguus (NA) plays a key role in baroreflex control of HR, we examined whether CIH remodels vagal efferent projections to cardiac ganglia. C57BL/6J mice (3–4 months of age) were expo...

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Published in:Journal of comparative neurology (1911) 2008-07, Vol.509 (1), p.103-117
Main Authors: Lin, Min, Ai, Jing, Li, Lihua, Huang, Chenghui, Chapleau, Mark W., Liu, Rugao, Gozal, David, Wead, William B., Wurster, Robert D., Cheng, Zixi (Jack)
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
baroreflex
Baroreflex - physiology
cardiac ganglia
Chronic Disease
Efferent Pathways - physiology
Efferent Pathways - ultrastructure
Ganglia, Sympathetic - physiology
Ganglia, Sympathetic - ultrastructure
heart
Heart Rate - physiology
Hypoxia - pathology
intermittent hypoxia
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
parasympathetic
sleep apnea
Time Factors
vagal
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Summary:The baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) is reduced following chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Since the nucleus ambiguus (NA) plays a key role in baroreflex control of HR, we examined whether CIH remodels vagal efferent projections to cardiac ganglia. C57BL/6J mice (3–4 months of age) were exposed to either room air (RA) or CIH for 3 months. Confocal microscopy was used to examine NA axons and terminals in cardiac ganglia following Fluoro‐Gold (FG) injections to label cardiac ganglia, and microinjections of tracer DiI into the left NA to anterogradely label vagal efferents. We found that: 1) Cardiac ganglia were widely distributed on the dorsal surface of the atria. Although the total number of cardiac ganglia did not differ between RA and CIH mice, the size of ganglia and the somatic area of cardiac principal neurons (PNs) were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the size of the PN nuclei was increased following CIH (P < 0.01). 2) NA axons entered cardiac ganglia and innervated PNs with dense basket endings in both RA and CIH mice, and the percentage of innervated PNs was similar (RA: 50 ± 1.0%; CIH: 49 ± 1.0%; P > 0.10). In CIH mice, however, swollen cardiac axons and terminals without close contacts to PNs were found. Furthermore, varicose endings around PNs appeared swollen and the axonal varicose area around PNs was almost doubled in size (CIH: 163.1 ± 6.4 μm2; RA: 88 ± 3.9 μm2, P < 0.01). Thus, CIH significantly altered the structure of cardiac ganglia and resulted in reorganized vagal efferent projections to cardiac ganglia. Such remodeling of cardiac ganglia and vagal efferent projections provides new insight into the effects of CIH on the brain–heart circuitry of C57BL/6J mice. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:103–117, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ISSN:0021-9967
1096-9861
DOI:10.1002/cne.21732