A molecular assessment of phylogenetic relationships and lineage accumulation rates within the family Salamandridae (Amphibia, Caudata)

We examine phylogenetic relationships among salamanders of the family Salamandridae using approximately 2700 bases of new mtDNA sequence data (the tRNA Leu, ND1, tRNA Ile, tRNA Gln, tRNA Met, ND2, tRNA Trp, tRNA Ala, tRNA Asn, tRNA Cys, tRNA Tyr, and COI genes and the origin for light-strand replica...

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Published in:Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 2006-11, Vol.41 (2), p.368-383
Main Authors: Weisrock, David W., Papenfuss, Theodore J., Macey, J. Robert, Litvinchuk, Spartak N., Polymeni, Rosa, Ugurtas, Ismail H., Zhao, Ermi, Jowkar, Houman, Larson, Allan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amphibia
Animals
Base Sequence
Bayes Theorem
Caudata
Chioglossa
Cynops
DNA, Mitochondrial - chemistry
DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics
Euproctus
Freshwater
Lineage accumulation
Mertensiella
Mitochondrial DNA
Molecular Sequence Data
Neurergus
Newt
Notophthalmus
Pachytriton
Paramesotriton
Phylogeny
Pleurodeles
RNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-Specific - genetics
RNA, Transfer, Leu - genetics
Salamander
Salamandra
Salamandridae
Salamandridae - classification
Salamandridae - genetics
Sequence Alignment
Taricha
Triturus cristatus
Triturus vulgaris
Tylototriton
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Summary:We examine phylogenetic relationships among salamanders of the family Salamandridae using approximately 2700 bases of new mtDNA sequence data (the tRNA Leu, ND1, tRNA Ile, tRNA Gln, tRNA Met, ND2, tRNA Trp, tRNA Ala, tRNA Asn, tRNA Cys, tRNA Tyr, and COI genes and the origin for light-strand replication) collected from 96 individuals representing 61 of the 66 recognized salamandrid species and outgroups. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis are performed on the new data alone and combined with previously reported sequences from other parts of the mitochondrial genome. The basal phylogenetic split is a polytomy of lineages ancestral to (1) the Italian newt Salamandrina terdigitata, (2) a strongly supported clade comprising the “true” salamanders (genera Chioglossa, Mertensiella, Lyciasalamandra, and Salamandra), and (3) a strongly supported clade comprising all newts except S. terdigitata. Strongly supported clades within the true salamanders include monophyly of each genus and grouping Chioglossa and Mertensiella as the sister taxon to a clade comprising Lyciasalamandra and Salamandra. Among newts, genera Echinotriton, Pleurodeles, and Tylototriton form a strongly supported clade whose sister taxon comprises the genera Calotriton, Cynops, Euproctus, Neurergus, Notophthalmus, Pachytriton, Paramesotriton, Taricha, and Triturus. Our results strongly support monophyly of all polytypic newt genera except Paramesotriton and Triturus, which appear paraphyletic, and Calotriton, for which only one of the two species is sampled. Other well-supported clades within newts include (1) Asian genera Cynops, Pachytriton, and Paramesotriton, (2) North American genera Notophthalmus and Taricha, (3) the Triturus vulgaris species group, and (4) the Triturus cristatus species group; some additional groupings appear strong in Bayesian but not parsimony analyses. Rates of lineage accumulation through time are evaluated using this nearly comprehensive sampling of salamandrid species-level lineages. Rate of lineage accumulation appears constant throughout salamandrid evolutionary history with no obvious fluctuations associated with origins of morphological or ecological novelties.
ISSN:1055-7903
1095-9513
DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.008