Effects of dietary humic substances on pig growth performance, carcass characteristics, and ammonia emission

Five experiments were conducted to test the effects of various dietary humic substances (HS; HS1, 2, 3, and 4, each with different fulvic and humic acid contents) on pig growth, carcass characteristics, and ammonia emission from manure. In Exp. 1, 120 pigs were allotted to 3 dietary treatments witho...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of animal science 2006-09, Vol.84 (9), p.2482-2490
Main Authors: Ji, F, McGlone, J.J, Kim, S.W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ammonia
Ammonia - metabolism
Animal Feed
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Animal productions
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Body Composition
carcass characteristics
Diet - veterinary
Feces - chemistry
feed conversion
feed intake
feed supplements
Female
Food industries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
gas emissions
Humic Substances
hydrogen sulfide
liveweight gain
Male
Meat
Meat and meat product industries
odor emissions
odors
pig manure
swine
Swine - growth & development
swine feeding
Terrestrial animal productions
Vertebrates
Weight Gain - drug effects
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Summary:Five experiments were conducted to test the effects of various dietary humic substances (HS; HS1, 2, 3, and 4, each with different fulvic and humic acid contents) on pig growth, carcass characteristics, and ammonia emission from manure. In Exp. 1, 120 pigs were allotted to 3 dietary treatments without HS (control) or with HS1 at 0.5 and 1.0% (8 pens/treatment and 5 pigs/pen) and fed diets, based on a 5-phase feeding program, from weaning (d 21.3 ± 0.3 of age) to 60 kg of BW. In Exp. 2 and 3, 384 pigs (192 for each experiment) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments without HS, with HS1, or with HS2 (0.5%) for Exp. 2 and without HS, or with HS3 or HS4 (0.5%) for Exp. 3 (8 pens/treatment and 8 pigs/pen in each experiment). Pigs were fed diets, based on a 6-phase feeding program, from weaning (25.4 ±0.2 and 23.6 ±0.3 d of age for Exp. 2 and 3, respectively) to 110 kg of BW. In Exp. 4, 96 pigs were weaned at 22.1 ±0.2 d of age and allotted to 2 treatments without or with HS1 at 0.5% (6 pens/treatment and 8 pigs/pen), and in Exp. 5 96 pigs were weaned at 20.9 ±0.3 d of age and allotted to 3 treatments without HS, or with HS3 or HS4 (0.5%; 4 pens/treatment and 8 pigs/pen). Pigs were fed the diets for at least 2 wk before they were moved to an environmental chamber to measure aerial ammonia and hydrogen sulfide for 48 h at 5-min intervals. In Exp. 1, pigs fed diets with HS1 at 0.5% had greater (P
ISSN:0021-8812
1525-3163
DOI:10.2527/jas.2005-206