Dietary Proteins as Environmental Modifiers of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the patient's immune system destroys the insulin-secreting beta-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. A majority of cases is thought to occur as a result of gene-environment interactions. The identity of the environmental factors remains...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of nutrition 2006-01, Vol.26 (1), p.175-202
Main Authors: Lefebvre, D.E, Powell, K.L, Strom, A, Scott, F.W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
autoimmune diseases
Biological and medical sciences
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - etiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - genetics
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - virology
Diet
dietary protein
Dietary Proteins - adverse effects
Dietary Proteins - immunology
Disease Models, Animal
Environment
environmental exposure
epidemiological studies
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
genotype-environment interaction
Humans
insulin secretion
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
islets of Langerhans
literature reviews
polygenic inheritance
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
Virus Diseases - complications
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Summary:Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the patient's immune system destroys the insulin-secreting beta-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. A majority of cases is thought to occur as a result of gene-environment interactions. The identity of the environmental factors remains unknown mainly because of the difficulty in linking past exposures with later disease development. Overall, the data suggest a model in which individuals develop diabetes by several different pathways, each influenced by numerous genetic and environmental variables. The most investigated environmental factors are diet and viruses. In this review, we examine the evidence that the source of dietary proteins can modify diabetes outcome, describe new approaches to identify candidate diabetes-related dietary agents, examine possible links with gut dysfunction, discuss some of the limitations, and propose a multifactorial model for dietary modification of diabetes. The key to diabetes pathogenesis, its prevention, and the ultimate success of beta-cell replacement therapies lies in understanding how the environment controls disease expression. Dietary proteins could be one of these keys.
ISSN:0199-9885
1545-4312
DOI:10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111206