Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication

As the global eradication of wild poliovirus nears, the World Health Organization (WHO) is addressing challenges unprecedented in public health. The live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), used for more than four decades to interrupt poliovirus transmission, and the vaccine of choice for dev...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of microbiology 2005-01, Vol.59 (1), p.587-635
Main Authors: KEW, Olen M, SUTTER, Roland W, DE GOURVILLE, Esther M, DUWDLE, Walter R, PALLANSCH, Mark A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied microbiology
Biological and medical sciences
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Global Health
Health Policy
Human viral diseases
Humans
Infectious diseases
Medical sciences
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
Poliomyelitis - prevention & control
Poliomyelitis - virology
Poliovirus
Poliovirus - genetics
Poliovirus - pathogenicity
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral - adverse effects
Vaccination
Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects)
Viral diseases
Viral diseases of the nervous system
Virology
World Health Organization
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:As the global eradication of wild poliovirus nears, the World Health Organization (WHO) is addressing challenges unprecedented in public health. The live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), used for more than four decades to interrupt poliovirus transmission, and the vaccine of choice for developing countries, is genetically unstable. Reversion of the small number of substitutions conferring the attenuated phenotype frequently occurs during OPV replication in humans and is the underlying cause of the rare cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) in OPV recipients and their close contacts. Whereas VAPP has long been recognized, two other adverse events have been identified more recently: (a) long-term excretion of highly evolved vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) in persons with primary immunodeficiencies, and (b) polio outbreaks associated with circulating VDPVs in areas with low rates of OPV coverage. Developing a posteradication strategy to minimize the risks of VDPV emergence and spread has become an urgent WHO priority.
ISSN:0066-4227
1545-3251
DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625