Characterization of pain and pharmacologic responses in an animal model of lumbar adhesive arachnoiditis

The study used a small animal laminectomy model with kaolin to investigate the relationship of cauda equina pathology to pain, and the effects of systemic and intrathecal drugs to reduce pain. To determine if higher amounts of cauda equina adhesions produce increased pain-related behavior following...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Spine (Philadelphia, Pa. 1976) Pa. 1976), 2005-08, Vol.30 (16), p.1828-1831
Main Authors: KROIN, Jeffrey S, BUVANENDRAN, Asokumar, COCHRAN, Elizabeth, TUMAN, Kenneth J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amines - pharmacology
Analgesics - pharmacology
Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology
Animals
Arachnoiditis - complications
Behavior, Animal - drug effects
Biological and medical sciences
Cauda Equina - pathology
Cerebrospinal fluid. Meninges. Spinal cord
Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids - pharmacology
Diseases of the osteoarticular system
Diseases of the spine
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gabapentin
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - pharmacology
Lumbosacral Region
Male
Medical sciences
Morphine - pharmacology
Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)
Neurology
Pain - etiology
Pain - physiopathology
Pain - psychology
Pain Measurement
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - complications
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - pathology
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Somesthesis and somesthetic pathways (proprioception, exteroception, nociception)
interoception
electrolocation. Sensory receptors
Tissue Adhesions - complications
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
Vocalization, Animal - drug effects
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Summary:The study used a small animal laminectomy model with kaolin to investigate the relationship of cauda equina pathology to pain, and the effects of systemic and intrathecal drugs to reduce pain. To determine if higher amounts of cauda equina adhesions produce increased pain-related behavior following laminectomy and epidural kaolin application. Clinically, the relationship of cauda equina pathology to pain is controversial. An established animal model produces cauda equina adhesions. The correlation of this anatomic pathology with pain-related behavior has not been examined. A laminectomy was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats at the L5-L6 vertebrae, and kaolin was applied extradurally. Sham control animals had vertebrae exposed but no laminectomy/kaolin. Animals were monitored for pain-related behavior using vocalization in response to straight leg raising. Histology was performed at 6 weeks postoperatively. Laminectomy animals were tested with systemic or intrathecal drugs to reduce straight leg raising vocalizations. In laminectomy animals, the pain response developed over 6 weeks, with vocalizations increasing from 0 to 1.65, out of 5 leg lifts. Cauda equina clumping was related to pain severity. Systemic morphine 3 mg/kg, but not 1 mg/kg, decreased vocalization to straight leg raising. Intrathecal morphine at 30 nmol, but not 10 nmol, gabapentin at 60 nmol, but not 20 nmol, decreased vocalizations. Intrathecal clonidine up to 90 nmol did not reduce vocalization. An animal model of adhesive lumbar arachnoiditis yields a quantifiable pain-related response that can be used to evaluate the effects of various analgesic interventions.
ISSN:0362-2436
1528-1159
DOI:10.1097/01.brs.0000174276.73908.f0