Variation in E(rns) viral glycoprotein associated with failure of immunohistochemistry and commercial antigen capture ELISA to detect a field strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) affects cattle populations causing clinical signs that range from subclinical immunosuppression to severe reproductive and respiratory problems. Detection and removal of persistently infected (PI) calves is the single most important factor for control and eradicati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary microbiology 2007-11, Vol.125 (1-2), p.11-21
Main Authors: Gripshover, Ellie M, Givens, M Daniel, Ridpath, Julia F, Brock, Kenny V, Whitley, Elizabeth M, Sartin, Eva A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Antibodies, Monoclonal - chemistry
Antibodies, Monoclonal - immunology
Antigenic Variation
Base Sequence
Bovine viral diarrhea virus
Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - virology
Cattle
Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral - genetics
Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral - isolation & purification
Ear, External - virology
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - veterinary
Immunohistochemistry - veterinary
Male
Membrane Glycoproteins - analysis
Membrane Glycoproteins - genetics
Membrane Glycoproteins - immunology
Molecular Sequence Data
Phylogeny
Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary
Sequence Alignment
Viral Envelope Proteins - analysis
Viral Envelope Proteins - chemistry
Viral Envelope Proteins - genetics
Viral Envelope Proteins - immunology
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Summary:Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) affects cattle populations causing clinical signs that range from subclinical immunosuppression to severe reproductive and respiratory problems. Detection and removal of persistently infected (PI) calves is the single most important factor for control and eradication of BVDV. Current testing strategies to detect PI calves rely heavily on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and a commercially available antigen capture ELISA (ACE) assay. These viral assays depend on 1 or 2 monoclonal antibodies which target the E(rns) glycoprotein of BVDV. The sensitivity and specificity of these two tests have been reported previously. The purpose of this research was to characterize a strain of BVDV (AU501) that was undetectable using IHC and ACE based on a single monoclonal antibody, but was consistently detected in samples from a Holstein steer using virus isolation and PCR testing. Sequencing of this AU501 viral isolate revealed a unique mutation in the portion of the genome coding for the E(rns) glycoprotein. This unique field strain of BVDV demonstrates the risk of relying on a single monoclonal antibody for detection of BVDV. Multiple testing strategies, including polyclonal or pooled monoclonal antibodies that detect more than one viral glycoprotein may be necessary to detect all PI calves and facilitate eradication of BVDV.
ISSN:0378-1135
1873-2542
DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.05.014