Arterio-venous gradients of free energy change for assessment of systemic and splanchnic perfusion in cardiac surgery patients

Objective: Adequacy of organ perfusion depends on sufficient oxygen supply in relation to the metabolic needs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between gradients of free energy change, and the more commonly used parameter for the evaluation of the adequacy of organ perfusion, s...

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Published in:Perfusion 2006-11, Vol.21 (6), p.353-360
Main Authors: Braun, Jan-Peter, Jakob, Stephan M, Volk, Thomas, Doepfmer, Ulrich R, Moshirzadeh, Maryam, Stegmann, Shirin, Dohmen, Pascal M, Spies, Claudia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Arteries - physiology
Carbon Dioxide - blood
Cardiac Output
Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Energy Metabolism - physiology
Female
Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation
Humans
Lactic Acid - blood
Liver Circulation
Male
Middle Aged
Monitoring, Intraoperative - methods
Oxygen - blood
Prospective Studies
Splanchnic Circulation
Veins - physiology
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Summary:Objective: Adequacy of organ perfusion depends on sufficient oxygen supply in relation to the metabolic needs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between gradients of free energy change, and the more commonly used parameter for the evaluation of the adequacy of organ perfusion, such as oxygen-extraction in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery using normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: In 43 cardiac patients, arterial, mixed venous, and hepato-venous blood samples were taken synchronously after induction of anaesthesia (preCPB), during CPB, and 2 and 7 h after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU+2, ICU+7). Blood gas analysis, cardiac output, and hepato-splanchnic blood flow were measured. Free energy change gradients between mixed venous and arterial (-ΔΔG(v-a)) and hepato-venous and arterial (-ΔΔG(hv-a)) compartments were calculated. Measurements and results: Cardiac index (CI) increased from 1.9 (0.7) to 2.8 (1.3) L/min/m (median, inter-quartile range) (p =0.001), and hepato-splanchnic blood flow index (HBFI) from 0.6 (0.22) to 0.8 (0.53) L/min/m (p =0.001). Despite increasing flow, systemic oxygen extraction increased after CPB from 24 (10)% to 35 (10)% at ICU+2 (p =0.002), and splanchnic oxygen extraction increased during CPB from 37 (19)% to 52 (14)% (p =0.001), and remained high thereafter. After CPB, high splanchnic and systemic gradients of free energy change gradients were associated with high splanchnic and systemic oxygen extraction, respectively (p =0.001, 0.033, respectively). Conclusion: Gradients of free energy change may be helpful in characterising adequacy of perfusion in cardiac surgery patients independently from measurements or calculations of data from oxygen transport.
ISSN:0267-6591
1477-111X
DOI:10.1177/0267659106074004