Mechanism-Based Probe for the Analysis of Cathepsin Cysteine Proteases in Living Cells

Mechanism-based probes are providing new tools to evaluate the enzymatic activities of protein families in complex mixtures and to assign protein function. The application of these chemical probes for the visualization of protein labeling in cells and proteomic analysis is still challenging. As a co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:ACS chemical biology 2006-12, Vol.1 (11), p.713-723
Main Authors: Hang, Howard C, Loureiro, Joana, Spooner, Eric, van der Velden, Adrianus W. M, Kim, You-Me, Pollington, Annette M, Maehr, Rene, Starnbach, Michael N, Ploegh, Hidde L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Cathepsin B - analysis
Cathepsin B - genetics
Cell Line
Cysteine Endopeptidases - analysis
Cysteine Endopeptidases - genetics
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Molecular Sequence Data
Nucleic Acid Probes - genetics
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Summary:Mechanism-based probes are providing new tools to evaluate the enzymatic activities of protein families in complex mixtures and to assign protein function. The application of these chemical probes for the visualization of protein labeling in cells and proteomic analysis is still challenging. As a consequence, imaging and proteomic analysis often require different sets of chemical probes. Here we describe a mechanism-based probe, azido-E-64, that can be used for both imaging and proteomics. Azido-E-64 covalently modifies active Cathepsin (Cat) B in living cells, an abundant cysteine protease involved in microbial infections, apoptosis, and cancer. Furthermore, azido-E-64 contains an azide chemical handle that can be selectively derivatized with phosphine reagents via the Staudinger ligation, which enables the imaging and proteomic analysis of Cat B. We have utilized azido-E-64 to visualize active Cat B during infection of primary macrophages with Salmonella typhimurium, an facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen. These studies demonstrated that active Cat B is specifically excluded from Salmonella-containing vacuoles, which suggests that inhibition of protease activity within bacteria-containing vacuoles may contribute to bacterial virulence.
ISSN:1554-8929
1554-8937
DOI:10.1021/cb600431a