Oxidative stress, diet, and the etiology of preeclampsia

Background: A current theory holds that oxidative stress, ie, an imbalance between maternal prooxidants and antioxidants, is a component of preeclampsia. It is uncertain whether such an imbalance occurs before clinical recognition of the syndrome or whether it is related to diet. Objective: We measu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of clinical nutrition 2005-06, Vol.81 (6), p.1390-1396
Main Authors: Scholl, T.O, Leskiw, M, Chen, X, Sims, M, Stein, T.P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
antioxidant activity
Antioxidants
Antioxidants - metabolism
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarkers - metabolism
Cohort Studies
Diet
Dinoprost - analogs & derivatives
Dinoprost - metabolism
Dinoprost - urine
enzymes
etiology
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Female
free radicals
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Health risk assessment
Humans
isoprostane
Linear Models
Lipid Metabolism
Lipid Peroxidation
maternal nutrition
Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Medical disorders
Mental Recall
Oxidation
oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - physiology
pre-eclampsia
Pre-Eclampsia - etiology
Pre-Eclampsia - metabolism
Pregnancy
pregnancy complications
pregnant women
prenatal care
Prospective Studies
Stress
urination
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
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Summary:Background: A current theory holds that oxidative stress, ie, an imbalance between maternal prooxidants and antioxidants, is a component of preeclampsia. It is uncertain whether such an imbalance occurs before clinical recognition of the syndrome or whether it is related to diet. Objective: We measured urinary excretion of the isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha, which is an indicator of oxidative damage to lipids, and the total antioxidant power, which is a global measure of antioxidant status, at the entry to prenatal care. We also examined the relation of these indexes to diet during pregnancy. Design: A cohort of 307 gravidae from Camden, NJ, was studied from entry to prenatal care (at 15.0 +/- 0.49 wk gestation). Measures of the maternal diet were obtained by 24-h recall. Results: Risk of preeclampsia was increased 5-fold with higher urinary isoprostane excretion and decreased 3-fold with higher total antioxidant power. Over the course of pregnancy, there were significant trends for an association of higher isoprostane excretion with increased consumption of energy-adjusted fat, polyunsaturated fat, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3, n-6, and linoleic and linolenic fatty acids), whereas total antioxidant power was not related to diet. Conclusions: Increased urinary excretion of isoprostane and decreased antioxidant production is an imbalance that is consistent with oxidative stress, and it precedes clinical recognition of preeclampsia. The maternal diet is an underlying factor that provides an environment for free radical generation.
ISSN:0002-9165
1938-3207
DOI:10.1093/ajcn/81.6.1390