An in vivo study of a growth-factor enhanced, cell free, two-layered collagen–tricalcium phosphate in deep osteochondral defects

Focal osteochondral defects are still a challenging problem in joint surgery. We have developed a two-layered implant consisting of a basal porous β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) for bone reconstruction and a superficial fibrous collagen type I/III layer for cartilage regeneration. Fifty-four osteochon...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomaterials 2006-06, Vol.27 (18), p.3387-3395
Main Authors: Gotterbarm, Tobias, Richter, Wiltrud, Jung, Martin, Berardi Vilei, Simona, Mainil-Varlet, Pierre, Yamashita, Takeshi, Breusch, Steffen J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bone and Bones - pathology
Bone and Bones - physiology
Bone Regeneration
Bone Substitutes - chemistry
Bone Substitutes - therapeutic use
Calcium Phosphates - chemistry
Calcium Phosphates - therapeutic use
Cartilage, Articular - pathology
Cartilage, Articular - physiology
Collagen - chemistry
Collagen - therapeutic use
Collagen type I
Female
Growth factors
Growth Substances - chemistry
Growth Substances - therapeutic use
Indentation test
Knee Joint - pathology
Male
Osteochondral defect
Osteochondritis - pathology
Osteochondritis - therapy
Prostheses and Implants
Regeneration
Swine
Swine, Miniature
Two-layered implant
β-TCP
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Summary:Focal osteochondral defects are still a challenging problem in joint surgery. We have developed a two-layered implant consisting of a basal porous β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) for bone reconstruction and a superficial fibrous collagen type I/III layer for cartilage regeneration. Fifty-four osteochondral defects in the trochlear groove of 27 Göttinger Minipigs were created and either left untreated, treated with the implant alone, or the implant augmented with an additional growth factor mixture, which was assumed to stimulate cell and tissue differentiation. Follow-up was 6, 12 and 52 weeks with n = 6 for each group. The repair tissue was evaluated for its gross appearance and biomechanical properties. Histological sections were semi-quantitatively scored for their histomorphological structure. Treatment with the two-layered implant improved defect filling and subchondral bone repair at 6 and 12 weeks follow-up. The TCP was replaced by cancellous bone at 52 weeks. Cartilage repair tissue mainly consisted of fibrocartilage and showed a moderate cell density up to the joint surface. Growth factor treatment improved the mechanical and histomorphological properties of the cartilage repair tissue at 12, but not at 52 weeks postoperatively. In conclusion, the two-layered collagen–TCP implant augmented with chondroinductive growth factors seems a promising new option for the treatment of deep osteochondral defects in joint surgery.
ISSN:0142-9612
1878-5905
DOI:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.041