Intense Correlation Between Brain Infarction and Protein-Conjugated Acrolein

We recently found that increases in plasma levels of protein-conjugated acrolein and polyamine oxidases, enzymes that produce acrolein, are good markers for stroke. The aim of this study was to determine whether the level of protein-conjugated acrolein is increased and levels of spermine and spermid...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stroke (1970) 2009-10, Vol.40 (10), p.3356-3361
Main Authors: SAIKI, Ryotaro, NISHIMURA, Kazuhiro, ISHII, Itsuko, OMURA, Tomohiro, OKUYAMA, Shigeru, KASHIWAGI, Keiko, IGARASHI, Kazuei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetylcysteine - pharmacology
Acetylcysteine - therapeutic use
Acrolein - analysis
Acrolein - blood
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Brain - metabolism
Brain - pathology
Brain - physiopathology
Carrier Proteins - analysis
Carrier Proteins - blood
Disease Models, Animal
Down-Regulation - physiology
Free Radical Scavengers - pharmacology
Free Radical Scavengers - therapeutic use
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery - blood
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery - pathology
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery - physiopathology
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Male
Medical sciences
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Nervous system
Neurology
Photochemistry - methods
Rose Bengal - radiation effects
Spermidine - analysis
Spermidine - blood
Spermine - analysis
Spermine - blood
Time Factors
Ultrasonic investigative techniques
Up-Regulation - physiology
Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system
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Summary:We recently found that increases in plasma levels of protein-conjugated acrolein and polyamine oxidases, enzymes that produce acrolein, are good markers for stroke. The aim of this study was to determine whether the level of protein-conjugated acrolein is increased and levels of spermine and spermidine, the substrates of acrolein production, are decreased at the locus of infarction. A unilateral infarction was induced in mouse brain by photoinduction after injection of Rose Bengal. The volume of the infarction was analyzed using the public domain National Institutes of Health image program. The level of protein-conjugated acrolein at the locus of infarction and in plasma was measured by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The levels of polyamines at the locus of infarction and in plasma were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The level of protein-conjugated acrolein was greatly increased, and levels of spermine and spermidine were decreased at the locus of infarction at 24 hours after the induction of stroke. The size of infarction was significantly decreased by N-acetylcysteine, a scavenger of acrolein. It was also found that the increases in the protein-conjugated acrolein, polyamines, and polyamine oxidases in plasma were observed after the induction of stroke. The results indicate that the induction of infarction is well correlated with the increase in protein-conjugated acrolein at the locus of infarction and in plasma.
ISSN:0039-2499
1524-4628
DOI:10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.553248