Insights from the NHLBI-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study: Part I: gender differences in traditional and novel risk factors, symptom evaluation, and gender-optimized diagnostic strategies

Despite a dramatic decline in mortality over the past three decades, coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the U.S. Importantly, recent advances in the field of cardiovascular medicine have not led to significant declines in case fatality rates for women when compare...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2006-02, Vol.47 (3 Suppl), p.S4-S20
Main Authors: Shaw, Leslee J, Bairey Merz, C Noel, Pepine, Carl J, Reis, Steven E, Bittner, Vera, Kelsey, Sheryl F, Olson, Marian, Johnson, B Delia, Mankad, Sunil, Sharaf, Barry L, Rogers, William J, Wessel, Timothy R, Arant, Christopher B, Pohost, Gerald M, Lerman, Amir, Quyyumi, Arshed A, Sopko, George
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cardiology
Cardiovascular disease
Fatalities
Female
Health risk assessment
Heart attacks
Heart Function Tests
Humans
Men
Mortality
Myocardial Ischemia - diagnosis
Myocardial Ischemia - epidemiology
Myocardial Ischemia - physiopathology
Risk Factors
Sex Factors
Womens health
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Summary:Despite a dramatic decline in mortality over the past three decades, coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the U.S. Importantly, recent advances in the field of cardiovascular medicine have not led to significant declines in case fatality rates for women when compared to the dramatic declines realized for men. The current review highlights gender-specific issues in ischemic heart disease presentation, evaluation, and outcomes with a special focus on the results published from the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. We will present recent evidence on traditional and novel risk markers (e.g., high sensitivity C-reactive protein) as well as gender-specific differences in symptoms and diagnostic approaches. An overview of currently available diagnostic test evidence (including exercise electrocardiography and stress echocardiography and single-photon emission computed tomographic imaging) in symptomatic women will be presented as well as data using innovative imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance subendocardial perfusion, and spectroscopic imaging will also be discussed.
ISSN:0735-1097
1558-3597
DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.072