AFLP analyses demonstrate genetic divergence, hybridization, and multiple polyploidization in the evolution of Achillea (Asteraceae-Anthemideae)

• Achillea, a temperate genus of herbaceous allogamous perennials, is a model for evolutionary radiation through hybridization and polyploidization. • AFLP analyses were performed on 300 individuals of 66 populations and 27 taxa/cytotypes, mainly from the polyploid A. millefolium aggregate and its s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The New phytologist 2005-04, Vol.166 (1), p.273-290
Main Authors: Guo, Y.P, Saukel, J, Mittermayr, R, Ehrendorfer, F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Achillea
Achillea - genetics
Achillea millefolium
Achillea, Achillea millefolium agg
AFLP
amplified fragment length polymorphism
Asteraceae
Biological and medical sciences
Biological Evolution
Biological taxonomies
Crosses, Genetic
Diploidy
Evolution
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genetic hybridization
Genetic Variation
Genomes
herbaceous plants
hybrid speciation
Hybridity
hybridization
Hyperlinks
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Phylogeny
Plant cytology, morphology, systematics, chorology and evolution
Plants
Polymorphism, Genetic
Polyploidy
speciation
Spermatophyta
Systematics (diagnosis, chromosome numbers)
Taxa
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Summary:• Achillea, a temperate genus of herbaceous allogamous perennials, is a model for evolutionary radiation through hybridization and polyploidization. • AFLP analyses were performed on 300 individuals of 66 populations and 27 taxa/cytotypes, mainly from the polyploid A. millefolium aggregate and its suspected hybrid links with other clades of the genus. • The mosaic genetic structure of hybrids and polyploids is revealed by specific AFLP bands shared with their assumed parents. In E Asia, A. alpina-4x and A. wilsoniana-4x are allotetraploids between A. acuminata-2x (sect. Ptarmica) and A. asiatica-2x (sect. Achillea-A. millefolium agg.). A. virescens-4x is a hybrid species linking A. nobilis agg. and A. millefolium agg. in S Europe. The hybrid swarm A. clypeolata-2x × A. collina-4x recently formed in Bulgaria shows no AFLP bands additive to its parents; by contrast, other more ancient allopolyploids exhibit genetic innovations. Relationships within A. millefolium agg. are complex. Five 2x-taxa, mostly well separated and regressive, are limited to Eurasia; seven 4x- and 6x-taxa are intimately linked by hybridization, are expansive, and through A. asiatica-2x/4x have formed the N American polyploids. • All these results from AFLPs correspond well to other evidence, and indicate a long history of reticulate evolution in Achillea.
ISSN:0028-646X
1469-8137
DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01315.x