Only two-week smoking cessation improves platelet aggregability and intraplatelet redox imbalance of long-term smokers

We investigated whether and how soon smoking cessation ameliorates the smoking-induced intracellular oxidative stress and platelet aggregability in long-term smokers. Smoking is a major risk factor of atherothrombosis. Smoking cessation reduces cardiac events. However, the underlying mechanisms of t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2005-02, Vol.45 (4), p.589-594
Main Authors: Morita, Hirohiko, Ikeda, Hisao, Haramaki, Nobuya, Eguchi, Hiroyuki, Imaizumi, Tsutomu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Atherosclerosis
Biological activity
Biological and medical sciences
Blood platelets
Blood Platelets - metabolism
Body mass index
Cardiology
Cardiology. Vascular system
Cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol
Collagen
Electric currents
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxidative stress
Plasma
Platelet Aggregation
Smoking - metabolism
Smoking cessation
Smoking Cessation - statistics & numerical data
Studies
Thrombosis
Time Factors
Tobacco, tobacco smoking
Toxicology
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Summary:We investigated whether and how soon smoking cessation ameliorates the smoking-induced intracellular oxidative stress and platelet aggregability in long-term smokers. Smoking is a major risk factor of atherothrombosis. Smoking cessation reduces cardiac events. However, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects remain to be elucidated. Twenty-seven male long-term smokers were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 14) quit smoking for four weeks whereas group B (n = 13) resumed smoking two weeks after quitting. Smoking status was monitored by measurement of urinary cotinine. Using gel-filtered platelets, agonist (adenosine diphosphate and collagen)-induced platelet aggregation, platelet-derived nitric oxide (PDNO), intraplatelet nitrotyrosine production, intraplatelet levels of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and its oxidized form (GSSG), and urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α(8-iso-PGF2α), as markers of systemic oxidative stress, were measured. The baseline measurements were similar between the two groups. Smoking cessation quickly reduced agonist-induced platelet aggregations, intraplatelet nitrotyrosine level, and urinary productions of 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2αby two weeks in both groups. In group A, they were maintained at the low levels until four weeks, whereas they were reversed by resmoking in group B; PDNO release and intraplatelet GSH/GSSG ratio were time-dependently increased by smoking cessation but reversed by resmoking. The present findings are the first demonstration that only two weeks of smoking cessation can ameliorate the enhanced platelet aggregability and intraplatelet redox imbalance in long-term smokers, possibly by decreasing oxidative stress. Our findings may strengthen the motivation for smokers to quit smoking.
ISSN:0735-1097
1558-3597
DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.10.061