Th1/Th2 polarization by viral and helminth infection in birds

Mammals developed an immune system able to functionally polarize into so-called type 1 or type 2 immune pathways, to resolve infections with intracellular and extracellular pathogens, respectively. In the well-studied avian immune system of the chicken, however, no evidence for polarized immunity co...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary microbiology 2005-02, Vol.105 (3), p.163-167
Main Authors: Degen, Winfried G.J., Daal, Nancy van, Rothwell, Lisa, Kaiser, Pete, Schijns, Virgil E.J.C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
analytical methods
animal parasites and pests
Animals
antigen-antibody reactions
Ascaridia - immunology
Ascaridiasis - immunology
Ascaridiasis - veterinary
Aves
Base Sequence
Biological and medical sciences
Biological Evolution
bird diseases
birds
cell-mediated immunity
Chicken
chickens
Chickens - immunology
ChIFN-γ
ChIL-13
cytokines
Cytokines - genetics
Cytokines - immunology
Cytokines - metabolism
divergent evolution
evolution
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
helminthiasis
helminths
humoral immunity
Ileum - immunology
immune response
Immunity, Cellular
interleukins
Mammalian
mammals
Microbiology
Newcastle Disease - immunology
Newcastle disease virus - immunology
poultry diseases
Poultry Diseases - immunology
Poultry Diseases - parasitology
Poultry Diseases - virology
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Semi-quantitative RT-PCR
Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
Spleen - immunology
Th1 Cells - immunology
Th1 Cells - metabolism
Th1/Th2 polarization
Th2 Cells - immunology
Th2 Cells - metabolism
viral diseases of animals and humans
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Mammals developed an immune system able to functionally polarize into so-called type 1 or type 2 immune pathways, to resolve infections with intracellular and extracellular pathogens, respectively. In the well-studied avian immune system of the chicken, however, no evidence for polarized immunity could be found, as yet. To investigate whether these two major arms of mammalian immunity, regulated by a T helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokine balance, evolved similarly in birds, chickens were exposed to a prevalent intracellular (viral) or extracellular (helminth) infection. By using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis we provide evidence that polarization of Th1/Th2 type immunity extends beyond mammalian species, and, therefore, has been evolutionary conserved for more than 300 million years, when the lineages of mammalian and avian vertebrates are assumed to have segregated.
ISSN:0378-1135
1873-2542
DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.12.001