NAD + and Metal-ion Dependent Hydrolysis by Family 4 Glycosidases: Structural Insight into Specificity for Phospho-β- d-glucosides

The import of disaccharides by many bacteria is achieved through their simultaneous translocation and phosphorylation by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PEP-PTS). The imported phospho-disaccharides are, in some cases, subsequently hydrolyzed by members of the unusual gly...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of molecular biology 2005-02, Vol.346 (2), p.423-435
Main Authors: Varrot, Annabelle, Yip, Vivian L.Y., Li, Yunsong, Rajan, Shyamala S., Yang, Xiaojing, Anderson, Wayne F., Thompson, John, Withers, Stephen G., Davies, Gideon J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacterial Proteins - chemistry
Binding Sites
Crystallography, X-Ray
Disaccharides
enzyme
Glucosephosphates - chemistry
Glucosephosphates - metabolism
glycosidase
Glycoside Hydrolases - chemistry
Glycoside Hydrolases - metabolism
Hydrolysis
lyase
Manganese - chemistry
mechanism
NAD - chemistry
Protein Conformation
Stereoisomerism
Substrate Specificity
Thermotoga maritima - chemistry
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Summary:The import of disaccharides by many bacteria is achieved through their simultaneous translocation and phosphorylation by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PEP-PTS). The imported phospho-disaccharides are, in some cases, subsequently hydrolyzed by members of the unusual glycoside hydrolase family GH4. The GH4 enzymes, occasionally found also in bacteria such as Thermotoga maritima that do not utilise a PEP-PTS system, require both NAD + and Mn 2+ for catalysis. A further curiosity of this family is that closely related enzymes may show specificity for either α- d- or β- d-glycosides. Here, we present, for the first time, the three-dimensional structure (using single-wavelength anomalous dispersion methods, harnessing extensive non-crystallographic symmetry) of the 6-phospho-β-glycosidase, BglT, from T. maritima in native and complexed (NAD + and Glc6P) forms. Comparison of the active-center structure with that of the 6-phospho-α-glucosidase GlvA from Bacillus subtilis reveals a striking degree of structural similarity that, in light of previous kinetic isotope effect data, allows the postulation of a common reaction mechanism for both α and β-glycosidases. Given that the “chemistry” occurs primarily on the glycone sugar and features no nucleophilic attack on the intact disaccharide substrate, modulation of anomeric specificity for α and β-linkages is accommodated through comparatively minor structural changes.
ISSN:0022-2836
1089-8638
DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.11.058