Obesity-Associated Hypertension: New Insights Into Mechanisms

Obesity is strongly associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Several central and peripheral abnormalities that can explain the development or maintenance of high arterial pressure in obesity have been identified. These include activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the reni...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. 1979) Tex. 1979), 2005-01, Vol.45 (1), p.9-14
Main Authors: Rahmouni, Kamal, Correia, Marcelo L.G, Haynes, William G, Mark, Allyn L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adiponectin
Aldosterone - physiology
Animals
Appetite - physiology
Arterial hypertension. Arterial hypotension
Biological and medical sciences
Blood and lymphatic vessels
Cardiology. Vascular system
Clinical manifestations. Epidemiology. Investigative techniques. Etiology
Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology
Energy Metabolism - physiology
Ghrelin
Humans
Hyperinsulinism - physiopathology
Hypertension - etiology
Hypertension - physiopathology
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - physiology
Kidney - physiopathology
Leptin - physiology
Medical sciences
Metabolic diseases
Mice
Mice, Mutant Strains
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists - pharmacology
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Obesity - physiopathology
Peptide Hormones - physiology
Peptide YY - physiology
Receptors, Cell Surface - physiology
Receptors, Leptin
Renin-Angiotensin System - physiology
Repressor Proteins - physiology
Satiation - physiology
Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein
Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins
Sympathetic Nervous System - physiopathology
Transcription Factors - physiology
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Summary:Obesity is strongly associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Several central and peripheral abnormalities that can explain the development or maintenance of high arterial pressure in obesity have been identified. These include activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin–aldosterone system. Obesity is also associated with endothelial dysfunction and renal functional abnormalities that may play a role in the development of hypertension. The continuing discovery of mechanisms regulating appetite and metabolism is likely to lead to new therapies for obesity-induced hypertension. Better understanding of leptin signaling in the hypothalamus and the mechanisms of leptin resistance should facilitate therapeutic approaches to reverse the phenomenon of selective leptin resistance. Other hunger and satiety signals such as ghrelin and peptide YY are potentially attractive therapeutic strategies for treatment of obesity and its complications. These recent discoveries should lead to novel strategies for treatment of obesity and hypertension.
ISSN:0194-911X
1524-4563
DOI:10.1161/01.HYP.0000151325.83008.b4