Synthesis and function of ribosomal proteins - fading models and new perspectives

The synthesis of ribosomal proteins (RPs) has long been known to be a process strongly linked to the growth status of the cell. In vertebrates, this coordination is dependent on RP mRNA translational efficiency, which changes according to physiological circumstances. Despite many years of investigat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The FEBS journal 2009-06, Vol.276 (12), p.3199-3210
Main Authors: Caldarola, Sara, De Stefano, Maria Chiara, Amaldi, Francesco, Loreni, Fabrizio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biochemistry
cell nucleolus
Cellular biology
Disease Models, Animal
Humans
Models, Biological
Molecular biology
mTOR signaling
Mutation
nucleolus
Protein Biosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Protein Transport
protein turnover
Ribosomal DNA
ribosomal pathology
Ribosomal Proteins - genetics
Ribosomal Proteins - metabolism
ribosomal stress
ribosome biogenesis
Signal transduction
Signal Transduction - physiology
TOP mRNA
translational control
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Summary:The synthesis of ribosomal proteins (RPs) has long been known to be a process strongly linked to the growth status of the cell. In vertebrates, this coordination is dependent on RP mRNA translational efficiency, which changes according to physiological circumstances. Despite many years of investigation, the trans-acting factors and the signaling pathways involved in this regulation are still elusive. At the same time, however, new techniques and classic approaches have opened up new perspectives as regards RP regulation and function. In fact, the proteasome seems to play a crucial and unpredicted role in regulating the availability of RPs for subunit assembly. In addition, the study of human ribosomal pathologies and animal models for these diseases has revealed that perturbation in the synthesis and/or function of an RP activates a p53-dependent stress response. Surprisingly, the effect of the ribosomal stress is more dramatic in specific physiological processes: hemopoiesis in humans, and pigmentation in mice. Moreover, alteration of each RP impacts differently on the development of an organism.
ISSN:1742-464X
1742-4658
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07036.x