Effect of Alendronate on Periodontal Disease in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Trial

Background: We investigated the effect of oral alendronate (ALN) treatment on radiological and clinical measurements of periodontal disease in postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy. Methods: We evaluated the effect of 6 months of ALN treatment in 40 postmenopausal women, 55 to 65...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of periodontology (1970) 2004-12, Vol.75 (12), p.1579-1585
Main Authors: Rocha, Miriam L., Malacara, Juan M., Sánchez‐Marin, Francisco J., Torre, Carlos J. Vazquez, Fajardo, Martha E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Administration, Oral
Aged
Alendronate - administration & dosage
Alendronate/therapeutic use
Alveolar Bone Loss - diagnostic imaging
Alveolar Bone Loss - prevention & control
alveolar bone loss/prevention and control
bisphosphonates/therapeutic use
Bone Density - drug effects
clinical trials, controlled
Dentistry
Double-Blind Method
double‐masked method
Female
follow‐up studies
Gingival Recession - prevention & control
Humans
Middle Aged
Obesity - physiopathology
Periodontal Diseases - drug therapy
Periodontal Index
Postmenopause - drug effects
postmenopause/complications
Prospective Studies
Radiography
Tooth Mobility - prevention & control
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Summary:Background: We investigated the effect of oral alendronate (ALN) treatment on radiological and clinical measurements of periodontal disease in postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy. Methods: We evaluated the effect of 6 months of ALN treatment in 40 postmenopausal women, 55 to 65 years old with established periodontal disease, in a controlled, double‐masked, prospective study. Volunteers were paired by age and randomized to receive ALN (10 mg/day) or placebo for the study period. Periodontal mechanical treatment was carried out in both groups. At baseline and after treatment, clinical evaluation, hormone blood levels, distance from the crestal alveolar bone (CAB) to the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ), calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD), hormone levels, serum N‐telopeptide (NTx), and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) were assessed. Results: Periodontal disease conditions improved in both groups, but greater improvement in probing depth (–0.8 ± 0.3 mm versus –0.4 ± 0.4 mm, P = 0.02) and gingival bleeding (–0.3% ± 0.13% versus –0.2% ± 0.06%, P = 0.006) was found in the ALN treated group. Calcaneus BMD increased in the ALN treated group (68 ± 47 mm3 versus –26 ± 81 mm3, P = 0.0006). CAB‐CEJ distance diminished in the ALN group (–0.4 ± 0.40 mm versus 0.60 ± 0.53 mm, P = 0.00008). Marginal reduction in both NTx and BSAP levels was found in the ALN group (–9.4 ± 6.6 nmol versus –4.3 ± 4.7 nmol bone collagen equivalents, P = 0.08, and –7.7 ± 8.4 versus –1.5 ± 5.0 U/l, P = 0.1, respectively). Hormone levels were unchanged after treatment. Similar improvement of calcaneus BMD and CAB‐CEJ distance with ALN treatment was found in obese and non‐obese women. Conclusion: ALN treatment improved periodontal disease and bone turnover in postmenopausal women. J Periodontol 2004; 75:1579‐1585.
ISSN:0022-3492
1943-3670
DOI:10.1902/jop.2004.75.12.1579