Controlling the retention in capillary LC with solvents, temperature, and electric fields

Once a suitable stationary phase and column dimensions have been selected, the retention in liquid chromatography (LC) is traditionally adjusted by controlling the mobile phase composition. Solvent gradients enable achievement of good separation selectivity while decreasing the separation time as co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of separation science 2004-12, Vol.27 (17-18), p.1402-1418
Main Authors: Jandera, Pavel, Blomberg, Lars G., Lundanes, Elsa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical chemistry
Capillary LC
Chemistry
Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography
Electric field
Exact sciences and technology
Gradient dwell volume
Gradient elution
Micro-LC
Other chromatographic methods
Temperature
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Summary:Once a suitable stationary phase and column dimensions have been selected, the retention in liquid chromatography (LC) is traditionally adjusted by controlling the mobile phase composition. Solvent gradients enable achievement of good separation selectivity while decreasing the separation time as compared to isocratic elution. Capillary columns allow use of other programming parameters, i. e. temperature and applied electric fields, in addition to solvent gradient elution. This paper presents a review of programmed separation techniques in miniaturized LC, including retention modeling and method transfer from the conventional to micro‐ and capillary scales. The impact of miniaturized instrumentation on retention and the limitations of capillary LC are discussed. Special attention is focused on the gradient dwell volume effects, which are more important in micro‐LC techniques than in conventional analytical LC and may cause significant increase in the time of analysis, unless special instrumentation and (or) pre‐column flow‐splitting is used. The influence of temperature upon retention is also discussed, and applications where the temperature has been actively used for retention control in capillary LC are included together with the instrumentation utilized. Finally the possibilities of additional selectivity control by applying an electric field over a packed capillary LC column are discussed.
ISSN:1615-9306
1615-9314
DOI:10.1002/jssc.200401852