Exploratory eye movement dysfunction as a discriminator for schizophrenia: A large sample study using a newly developed digital computerized system

In our previous studies, we identified that exploratory eye movement (EEM) dysfunction appears to be specific to schizophrenia. The availability of a biological marker specific to schizophrenia would be useful for clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. Consequently, we performed the discriminant analy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 2009-04, Vol.259 (3), p.186-194
Main Authors: Suzuki, Masahiro, Takahashi, Sakae, Matsushima, Eisuke, Tsunoda, Masahiko, Kurachi, Masayoshi, Okada, Takashi, Hayashi, Takuji, Ishii, Yohei, Morita, Kiichiro, Maeda, Hisao, Katayama, Seiji, Kawahara, Ryuzou, Otsuka, Tatsui, Hirayasu, Yoshio, Sekine, Mizuho, Okubo, Yoshiro, Motoshita, Mai, Ohta, Katsuya, Uchiyama, Makoto, Kojima, Takuya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Diagnosis, Differential
Exploratory Behavior
Eye Movement Measurements - instrumentation
Eye Movements
Female
Fixation, Ocular
Humans
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Middle Aged
Mood Disorders - diagnosis
Mood Disorders - physiopathology
Mood Disorders - psychology
Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data
Neurosciences
Neurotic Disorders - diagnosis
Neurotic Disorders - physiopathology
Neurotic Disorders - psychology
Original Paper
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Psychiatry
Psychomotor Performance
Regression Analysis
Schizophrenia - diagnosis
Schizophrenia - physiopathology
Young Adult
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Summary:In our previous studies, we identified that exploratory eye movement (EEM) dysfunction appears to be specific to schizophrenia. The availability of a biological marker specific to schizophrenia would be useful for clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. Consequently, we performed the discriminant analysis between schizophrenics and non-schizophrenics on a large sample using the EEM test data and examined an application of the EEM for clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. EEM performances were recorded in 251 schizophrenics and 389 non-schizophrenics (111 patients with mood disorders, 28 patients with neurotic disorders and 250 normal controls). The patients were recruited from eight university hospitals and three affiliated hospitals. For this study with a large sample, we developed a new digital computerized version of the EEM test, which automatically handled large amounts of data. We measured four parameters: number of eye fixations (NEF), total eye scanning length (TESL), mean eye scanning length (MESL) and responsive search score (RSS). These parameters of schizophrenics differed significantly from those of the other three groups. The stepwise regression analysis selected the TESL and the RSS as the valid parameters for discriminating between schizophrenics and non-schizophrenics. In the discriminant analysis using the RSS and TESL as prediction parameters, 184 of the 251 clinically diagnosed schizophrenics were discriminated as having schizophrenia (sensitivity 73.3%); and 308 of the 389 clinically diagnosed non-schizophrenic subjects were discriminated as non-schizophrenics (specificity 79.2%). Based on our findings we believe that the EEM measures may be useful for the clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia.
ISSN:0940-1334
1433-8491
DOI:10.1007/s00406-008-0850-7