Summer drought impedes beech seedling performance more in a sub-Mediterranean forest understory than in small gaps

Refugia of mixed beech forest persist in the central mountains of the Iberian Peninsula at the south-western limit of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) distribution. The lack of beech regeneration is a concern in this region that has experienced reduced rainfall and higher temperatures over the pa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Tree physiology 2009-02, Vol.29 (2), p.249-259
Main Authors: Robson, T. Matthew, Rodríguez-Calcerrada, Jesús, Sánchez-Gómez, David, Aranda, Ismael
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Physiological
canopy gaps
Carbon Dioxide - physiology
chlorophyll
Chlorophyll - metabolism
Dehydration
drought
Droughts
Fagus - growth & development
Fagus - physiology
Fagus sylvatica
gas exchange
leaves
Light
modulus of elasticity
natural regeneration
photosynthesis
Photosynthesis - physiology
Plant Stomata
plant-water relations
Seasons
seedling growth
seedlings
Seedlings - growth & development
shade
soil water
soil water content
stomatal conductance
Stress, Physiological
summer
temporal variation
transpiration
trees
Trees - growth & development
Trees - physiology
turgor
understory
Water - physiology
water stress
water use efficiency
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Summary:Refugia of mixed beech forest persist in the central mountains of the Iberian Peninsula at the south-western limit of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) distribution. The lack of beech regeneration is a concern in this region that has experienced reduced rainfall and higher temperatures over the past 30 years. Beech is considered especially susceptible to climate change because of its conservative shade-tolerant growth strategy; hence seedling responses to drought stress in gaps and in the understory are of particular interest. During the summer of 2007, a watering treatment raised the soil water content by up to 5% in gap and understory plots of beech seedlings in a mixed beech forest. Root-collar diameter was increased by our watering treatment in understory seedlings. Neither drought-avoidance through stomatal closure nor physiological drought-tolerance mechanisms were able to mitigate the effects of water stress in the understory seedlings, whereas osmotic adjustment enhanced the ability of the gap seedlings to tolerate water stress. Overall, high photosynthetic rates in the gaps, despite the photoinhibitory effects of high radiation, allowed gap seedlings to survive and grow better than the understory seedlings irrespective of water availability. Our results indicate that further intensification of summer drought, predicted for the Iberian Peninsula, will hinder the establishment of a beech seedling bank in the understory because of the conflicting seedling trait responses to simultaneously withstand water stress and to tolerate shade.
ISSN:0829-318X
1758-4469
DOI:10.1093/treephys/tpn023