Intragraft iNOS induction during human liver allograft rejection depresses cytochrome p450 activity

Allograft function may become impaired during rejection after human liver transplantation. Cytokines induce nitric oxide (NO) production in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and infiltrating mononuclear cells. NO inhibits cytoplasmatic cytochrome p450 (CYP) enzyme activity in vitro. It is not known whether...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Transplant international 2004-08, Vol.17 (7), p.370-378
Main Authors: Westerholt, Alexandra, Himpel, Sigrid, Hager‐Gensch, Birgit, Maier, Stefan, Werner, Martin, Stadler, Josef, Doehmer, Johannes, Heidecke, Claus‐Dieter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aminopyrine - metabolism
Aminopyrine breath test
Biological and medical sciences
Breath Tests
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 - metabolism
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 - metabolism
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism
Cytokine gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
General aspects
Graft Rejection - metabolism
Humans
Interferon-gamma - genetics
Liver function
Liver Transplantation
Medical sciences
Nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide - metabolism
Nitric Oxide Synthase - genetics
Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases
Transplantation, Homologous
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics
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Summary:Allograft function may become impaired during rejection after human liver transplantation. Cytokines induce nitric oxide (NO) production in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and infiltrating mononuclear cells. NO inhibits cytoplasmatic cytochrome p450 (CYP) enzyme activity in vitro. It is not known whether this mechanism plays a role in vivo. In order to characterize the role of locally produced cytokines in the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction, we analysed human liver transplant biopsy material for the expression of proinflammatory cytokines as well as for NO synthase and we compared these results to the microsomal liver function in vivo [aminopyrine breath test (ABT)] and in vitro (enzymatic analysis of CYP). Microsomal liver function decreased in vivo during rejection while ABT levels decreased by 40% and increased again by 59% after the acute rejection episode. Similarly, CYP 1A2 and 2E1 activity dropped 42% and 24% in rejecting samples, respectively. Competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) showed a fivefold upregulation of interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) gene expression. Inducible, but not constitutive NO‐synthase gene expression was upregulated fivefold in samples from rejecting patients suggesting a local induction of NO in response to immune events. Our data show a marked impairment of CYP enzyme activity during allograft rejection which is presumably secondary to an increased intragraft production of proinflammatory cytokines and NO.
ISSN:0934-0874
1432-2277
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-2277.2004.tb00457.x