Nitric oxide regulates shikonin formation in suspension-cultured Onosma paniculatum cells

Endogenously occurring nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of shikonin formation in Onosma paniculatum cells. NO generated after cells were inoculated into shikonin production medium reached the highest level after 2 d of culture, which was 16 times that at the beginning of the experimen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plant and cell physiology 2009-01, Vol.50 (1), p.118-128
Main Authors: Wu, S.J.(Nanjing univ. (China)), Qi, J.L, Zhang, W.J, Liu, S.H, Xiao, F.H, Zhang, M.S, Xu, G.H, Zhao, W.G, Shi, M.W, Pang, Y.J, Shen, H.G, Yang, Y.H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ACIDE NITRIQUE
ACIDO NITRICO
BIOSINTESIS
BIOSYNTHESE
BIOSYNTHESIS
BORAGINACEAE
Boraginaceae - drug effects
Boraginaceae - genetics
Boraginaceae - metabolism
Cells, Cultured
Culture Media
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
Fungal elicitor
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Naphthoquinones - metabolism
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester - pharmacology
NITRIC ACID
Nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis
Nitric Oxide - pharmacology
Onosma paniculatum
PIGMENT
PIGMENTOS
PIGMENTS
RHIZOCTONIA CEREALIS
RNA, Plant - metabolism
Shikonin
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Summary:Endogenously occurring nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of shikonin formation in Onosma paniculatum cells. NO generated after cells were inoculated into shikonin production medium reached the highest level after 2 d of culture, which was 16 times that at the beginning of the experiment, and maintained a high level for 6d. A nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, Nsub(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), and a nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitor, sodium azide (SoA), consistent with their inhibition of NO biosynthesis, decreased shikonin formation significantly. This reduction could be alleviated or even abolished by exogenous NO supplied by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), suggesting that the inhibition of NO biosynthesis resulted in decreased shikonin formation. However, when endogenous NO biosynthesis was up-regulated by the elicitor from Rhizoctonia cerealis, shikonin production was enhanced further, showing a dependence on the elicitor-induced NO burst. Real-time PCR analysis showed that NO could significantly up-regulate the expression of PAL, PGT and HMGR, which encode key enzymes involved in shikonin biosynthesis. These results demonstrated that NO plays a critical role in shikonin formation in O. paniculatum cells.
ISSN:0032-0781
1471-9053
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcn178