Increased Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 on Monocytes in HIV Infection: Possible Roles in Inflammation and Viral Replication

Background. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system, but their role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is largely unknown. Methods. In the present study, we examined the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on monocytes from 48 HIV-infected pa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Clinical infectious diseases 2004-07, Vol.39 (2), p.264-269
Main Authors:	Heggelund, Lars, Müller, Fredrik, Lien, Egil, Yndestad, Arne, Ueland, Thor, Kristiansen, Knut Ivan, Espevik, Terje, Aukrust, Pål, Frøland, Stig S.
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adult Antibodies Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Antiretrovirals Biological and medical sciences Case-Control Studies CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female Highly active antiretroviral therapy HIV HIV 1 HIV Envelope Protein gp120 - physiology HIV infections HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV Infections - immunology HIV Infections - virology HIV/AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus Human viral diseases Humans In Vitro Techniques Infectious diseases Inflammation - immunology Interleukin-10 - biosynthesis Male Medical sciences Membrane Glycoproteins - biosynthesis Membrane Glycoproteins - physiology Middle Aged Monocytes Monocytes - immunology Receptors, Cell Surface - biosynthesis Receptors, Cell Surface - physiology RNA T lymphocytes Toll like receptors Toll-Like Receptor 2 Toll-Like Receptor 4 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - biosynthesis Viral diseases Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids Virus Replication - immunology
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Summary:	Background. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system, but their role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is largely unknown. Methods. In the present study, we examined the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on monocytes from 48 HIV-infected patients and 21 healthy control subjects by flow cytometry. Results. We found that freshly isolated monocytes from HIV-infected patients displayed enhanced expression of TLR2 but not TLR4, that TLR2 expression on the surface of monocytes was significantly increased upon stimulation of HIV type 1 envelope protein gp120, and that TLR2 stimulation in HIV-infected patients induced increased viral replication and TNF-α response. Conclusion. Our findings suggest potential roles for TLR2 in chronic immune activation and viral replication in HIV infection.
ISSN:	1058-4838 1537-6591