Sources of Dietary Iodine: Bread, Cows’ Milk, and Infant Formula in the Boston Area

Dietary iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. Although U.S. dietary iodine is generally adequate, some groups, especially women of childbearing age, are at risk for mild iodine deficiency. Children’s average urinary iodine is higher than that of adults. U.S. dietary iodine sources have...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2004-07, Vol.89 (7), p.3421-3424
Main Authors: Pearce, Elizabeth N, Pino, Sam, He, Xuemei, Bazrafshan, Hamid R, Lee, Stephanie L, Braverman, Lewis E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Boston
Bread - analysis
Diet
Endocrinopathies
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Infant Formula - chemistry
Iodine - administration & dosage
Iodine - analysis
Medical sciences
Milk - chemistry
Vertebrates: endocrinology
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Summary:Dietary iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. Although U.S. dietary iodine is generally adequate, some groups, especially women of childbearing age, are at risk for mild iodine deficiency. Children’s average urinary iodine is higher than that of adults. U.S. dietary iodine sources have not been assessed recently. A survey of iodine content in 20 brands of bread, 18 brands of cows’ milk, and eight infant formulae was performed between 2001 and 2002. Three bread varieties contained more than 300 μg iodine per slice. Iodine content in other brands was far lower (mean ± sd, 10.1 ± 13.2 μg iodine/slice). All cows’ milk samples had at least 88 μg iodine/250 ml, ranging from 88–168 μg (116.0 ± 22.1 μg/250 ml). Infant formulae values ranged from 16.2 to 56.8 μg iodine/5 oz (23.5 ± 13.78 μg/5 oz). The public should be aware of the need for adequate dietary iodine intake and should be aware that ingredient lists do not reflect the iodine content of foods.
ISSN:0021-972X
1945-7197
DOI:10.1210/jc.2003-032002