Prevalence and Associations of Keratoconus in Rural Maharashtra in Central India: The Central India Eye and Medical Study

Purpose To evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of keratoconus in the adult Indian population. Design Population-based study. Methods The Central India Eye and Medical Study is a population-based study performed in a rural region close to Nagpur in Central India. It included 4,711 subjects...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of ophthalmology 2009-11, Vol.148 (5), p.760-765
Main Authors: Jonas, Jost B, Nangia, Vinay, Matin, Arshia, Kulkarni, Maithili, Bhojwani, Krishna
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Angina pectoris
Biological and medical sciences
Cataracts
Diabetic retinopathy
Diseases of cornea, anterior segment and sclera
Eye diseases
Eye surgery
Female
Hospitals
Humans
India - epidemiology
Intraocular Pressure - physiology
Keratoconus - diagnosis
Keratoconus - epidemiology
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Miscellaneous
Ophthalmology
Prevalence
Refractive Errors - epidemiology
Risk Factors
Rural Population - statistics & numerical data
Smoking
Social workers
Visual Acuity
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Summary:Purpose To evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of keratoconus in the adult Indian population. Design Population-based study. Methods The Central India Eye and Medical Study is a population-based study performed in a rural region close to Nagpur in Central India. It included 4,711 subjects (aged 30 years and above) out of 5,885 eligible subjects (response rate, 80.1%). The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic and medical examination. This study was focused on the prevalence of keratoconus, defined as an anterior corneal refractive power exceeding 48 diopters (D). Results Out of the 4,711 subjects, corneal refractive power measurements were available for 4,667 subjects (99.1%). Keratoconus was detected in 212 eyes (2.3%) of 128 subjects (prevalence rate, 2.3% ± 0.2%). In multivariate analysis, the presence of keratoconus was significantly associated with lower body height ( P < .001), lower level of education ( P = .03), higher myopic refractive error ( P = .004), and thinner central corneal thickness ( P = .006). It was not significantly associated with alcohol consumption ( P = .99) or smoking ( P = .08) nor with questions relating to the psychiatric status. Defining a keratoconus as corneal refractive power of ≥49 D or of ≥50 D, a keratoconus was detected in 58 eyes (0.6%) and 10 eyes (0.1%), respectively. Conclusions Keratoconus defined as corneal refractive power of 48+ D has a prevalence of 2.3% ± 0.2% among Indians aged 30 years and above and living in the rural region of Central India. The prevalence of keratoconus was associated with lower body height, lower level of education, myopic refractive error, and thinner central cornea.
ISSN:0002-9394
1879-1891
DOI:10.1016/j.ajo.2009.06.024