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Nonlinear Distributed Model for Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators
This work expands the model proposed by Krimtholz, Leedom, and Matthaei (KLM) model to account for the nonlinear effects occurring in acoustic devices due to the nonlinear stiffened elasticity. We show that a nonlinear distributed capacitance in the acoustic transmission line of the KLM model can ac...
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| Published in: | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 2009-12, Vol.57 (12), p.3019-3029 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c536t-d2c3466d97a910306ce14f554bf7a385b9222987eb4af5f16c7efc176808ee933 |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c536t-d2c3466d97a910306ce14f554bf7a385b9222987eb4af5f16c7efc176808ee933 |
| container_end_page | 3029 |
| container_issue | 12 |
| container_start_page | 3019 |
| container_title | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques |
| container_volume | 57 |
| creator | Collado, C. Rocas, E. Mateu, J. Padilla, A. O'Callaghan, J.M. |
| description | This work expands the model proposed by Krimtholz, Leedom, and Matthaei (KLM) model to account for the nonlinear effects occurring in acoustic devices due to the nonlinear stiffened elasticity. We show that a nonlinear distributed capacitance in the acoustic transmission line of the KLM model can account for the distributed nature of the nonlinear effects. Specifically, we use the nonlinear telegrapher's equation to find closed-form equations for intermodulation distortion and harmonic generation. We confirm the validity of these equations by comparing their results with those provided by a KLM equivalent circuit in which the nonlinear transmission line is implemented by cascading many L - C cells having a voltage-dependent capacitance. To further confirm the model, we show measured nonlinear effects in a thin film bulk acoustic resonator in close agreement with the equivalent circuit simulations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2034211 |
| format | article |
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We show that a nonlinear distributed capacitance in the acoustic transmission line of the KLM model can account for the distributed nature of the nonlinear effects. Specifically, we use the nonlinear telegrapher's equation to find closed-form equations for intermodulation distortion and harmonic generation. We confirm the validity of these equations by comparing their results with those provided by a KLM equivalent circuit in which the nonlinear transmission line is implemented by cascading many L - C cells having a voltage-dependent capacitance. To further confirm the model, we show measured nonlinear effects in a thin film bulk acoustic resonator in close agreement with the equivalent circuit simulations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9480</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1557-9670</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2034211</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETMAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Acoustic devices ; Acoustic waves ; Acoustics ; and Matthaei (KLM) ; Applied sciences ; Bulk acoustic wave (BAW) ; Bulk acoustic wave (BAW)Film bulk acousticResonator ; Capacitance ; Circuit properties ; Elasticity ; Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits ; Electronics ; Enginyeria de la telecomunicació ; Equivalent circuits ; Exact sciences and technology ; Exact solutions ; film bulk acoustic resonator ; Frequency conversion ; harmonic generation ; Intermodulation distortion ; Leedom ; Mathematical analysis ; Mathematical models ; Microwave circuits, microwave integrated circuits, microwave transmission lines, submillimeter wave circuits ; Nonlinear acoustics ; Nonlinear equations ; nonlinear Krimtholz ; nonlinear stiffened elasticity ; Nonlinear theories ; nonlinearities ; Nonlinearity ; Ones ; Resonator ; Resonators ; Theoretical study. Circuits analysis and design ; Transmission lines ; Àrees temàtiques de la UPC</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 2009-12, Vol.57 (12), p.3019-3029</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2009</rights><rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c536t-d2c3466d97a910306ce14f554bf7a385b9222987eb4af5f16c7efc176808ee933</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c536t-d2c3466d97a910306ce14f554bf7a385b9222987eb4af5f16c7efc176808ee933</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5332259$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,786,790,891,27957,27958,55147</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22208201$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Collado, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rocas, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mateu, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Padilla, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Callaghan, J.M.</creatorcontrib><title>Nonlinear Distributed Model for Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators</title><title>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques</title><addtitle>TMTT</addtitle><description>This work expands the model proposed by Krimtholz, Leedom, and Matthaei (KLM) model to account for the nonlinear effects occurring in acoustic devices due to the nonlinear stiffened elasticity. We show that a nonlinear distributed capacitance in the acoustic transmission line of the KLM model can account for the distributed nature of the nonlinear effects. Specifically, we use the nonlinear telegrapher's equation to find closed-form equations for intermodulation distortion and harmonic generation. We confirm the validity of these equations by comparing their results with those provided by a KLM equivalent circuit in which the nonlinear transmission line is implemented by cascading many L - C cells having a voltage-dependent capacitance. To further confirm the model, we show measured nonlinear effects in a thin film bulk acoustic resonator in close agreement with the equivalent circuit simulations.</description><subject>Acoustic devices</subject><subject>Acoustic waves</subject><subject>Acoustics</subject><subject>and Matthaei (KLM)</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Bulk acoustic wave (BAW)</subject><subject>Bulk acoustic wave (BAW)Film bulk acousticResonator</subject><subject>Capacitance</subject><subject>Circuit properties</subject><subject>Elasticity</subject><subject>Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits</subject><subject>Electronics</subject><subject>Enginyeria de la telecomunicació</subject><subject>Equivalent circuits</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Exact solutions</subject><subject>film bulk acoustic resonator</subject><subject>Frequency conversion</subject><subject>harmonic generation</subject><subject>Intermodulation distortion</subject><subject>Leedom</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Microwave circuits, microwave integrated circuits, microwave transmission lines, submillimeter wave circuits</subject><subject>Nonlinear acoustics</subject><subject>Nonlinear equations</subject><subject>nonlinear Krimtholz</subject><subject>nonlinear stiffened elasticity</subject><subject>Nonlinear theories</subject><subject>nonlinearities</subject><subject>Nonlinearity</subject><subject>Ones</subject><subject>Resonator</subject><subject>Resonators</subject><subject>Theoretical study. Circuits analysis and design</subject><subject>Transmission lines</subject><subject>Àrees temàtiques de la UPC</subject><issn>0018-9480</issn><issn>1557-9670</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kV1rVDEQhkNR6Lr6A4o3h4L16tRMvnPhRVs_oVWQlV6GbHYCqacnbXKO4L836y6teOHFZBjyvMPMvIQcAT0FoPbN6mq1OmWU2vZwwQAOyAKk1L1Vmj4hC0rB9FYYekie1XrTSiGpWZC3X_I4pBF96d6lOpW0nifcdFd5g0MXc-nO5-FHdxbyXKcUumv_E7tvWPPop1zqc_I0-qHii31eku8f3q8uPvWXXz9-vji77IPkauo3LHCh1MZqb4FyqgKCiFKKddSeG7m2jDFrNK6FjzKCChpjAK0MNYiW8yWBXd9Q5-AKBizBTy779Fhsg1HNHBit2hGW5PVOc1fy_Yx1crepBhwGP2LbxhlljdCKQiNP_ktyxTlwJRt4_A94k-cyts2dkcqC5EL8NWvJtRaM7q6kW19-OaBu65XbeuW2Xrm9V03zat_Y1-CHWPwYUn0QtutQw_5M-nLHJUR8-JacMyYt_w3QAJpn</recordid><startdate>20091201</startdate><enddate>20091201</enddate><creator>Collado, C.</creator><creator>Rocas, E.</creator><creator>Mateu, J.</creator><creator>Padilla, A.</creator><creator>O'Callaghan, J.M.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>XX2</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20091201</creationdate><title>Nonlinear Distributed Model for Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators</title><author>Collado, C. ; Rocas, E. ; Mateu, J. ; Padilla, A. ; O'Callaghan, J.M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c536t-d2c3466d97a910306ce14f554bf7a385b9222987eb4af5f16c7efc176808ee933</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Acoustic devices</topic><topic>Acoustic waves</topic><topic>Acoustics</topic><topic>and Matthaei (KLM)</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Bulk acoustic wave (BAW)</topic><topic>Bulk acoustic wave (BAW)Film bulk acousticResonator</topic><topic>Capacitance</topic><topic>Circuit properties</topic><topic>Elasticity</topic><topic>Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits</topic><topic>Electronics</topic><topic>Enginyeria de la telecomunicació</topic><topic>Equivalent circuits</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Exact solutions</topic><topic>film bulk acoustic resonator</topic><topic>Frequency conversion</topic><topic>harmonic generation</topic><topic>Intermodulation distortion</topic><topic>Leedom</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Microwave circuits, microwave integrated circuits, microwave transmission lines, submillimeter wave circuits</topic><topic>Nonlinear acoustics</topic><topic>Nonlinear equations</topic><topic>nonlinear Krimtholz</topic><topic>nonlinear stiffened elasticity</topic><topic>Nonlinear theories</topic><topic>nonlinearities</topic><topic>Nonlinearity</topic><topic>Ones</topic><topic>Resonator</topic><topic>Resonators</topic><topic>Theoretical study. Circuits analysis and design</topic><topic>Transmission lines</topic><topic>Àrees temàtiques de la UPC</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Collado, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rocas, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mateu, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Padilla, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Callaghan, J.M.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present</collection><collection>IEL</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Recercat</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Collado, C.</au><au>Rocas, E.</au><au>Mateu, J.</au><au>Padilla, A.</au><au>O'Callaghan, J.M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nonlinear Distributed Model for Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques</jtitle><stitle>TMTT</stitle><date>2009-12-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>57</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>3019</spage><epage>3029</epage><pages>3019-3029</pages><issn>0018-9480</issn><eissn>1557-9670</eissn><coden>IETMAB</coden><notes>ObjectType-Article-2</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-1</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>This work expands the model proposed by Krimtholz, Leedom, and Matthaei (KLM) model to account for the nonlinear effects occurring in acoustic devices due to the nonlinear stiffened elasticity. We show that a nonlinear distributed capacitance in the acoustic transmission line of the KLM model can account for the distributed nature of the nonlinear effects. Specifically, we use the nonlinear telegrapher's equation to find closed-form equations for intermodulation distortion and harmonic generation. We confirm the validity of these equations by comparing their results with those provided by a KLM equivalent circuit in which the nonlinear transmission line is implemented by cascading many L - C cells having a voltage-dependent capacitance. To further confirm the model, we show measured nonlinear effects in a thin film bulk acoustic resonator in close agreement with the equivalent circuit simulations.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TMTT.2009.2034211</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 2009-12, Vol.57 (12), p.3019-3029 |
| issn | 0018-9480 1557-9670 |
| language | eng |
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| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Journals |
| subjects | Acoustic devices Acoustic waves Acoustics and Matthaei (KLM) Applied sciences Bulk acoustic wave (BAW) Bulk acoustic wave (BAW)Film bulk acousticResonator Capacitance Circuit properties Elasticity Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits Electronics Enginyeria de la telecomunicació Equivalent circuits Exact sciences and technology Exact solutions film bulk acoustic resonator Frequency conversion harmonic generation Intermodulation distortion Leedom Mathematical analysis Mathematical models Microwave circuits, microwave integrated circuits, microwave transmission lines, submillimeter wave circuits Nonlinear acoustics Nonlinear equations nonlinear Krimtholz nonlinear stiffened elasticity Nonlinear theories nonlinearities Nonlinearity Ones Resonator Resonators Theoretical study. Circuits analysis and design Transmission lines Àrees temàtiques de la UPC |
| title | Nonlinear Distributed Model for Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators |
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