Graphitic carbon nitride-based electrochemical sensors: A comprehensive review of their synthesis, characterization, and applications

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has garnered much attention as a promising 2D material in the realm of electrochemical sensors. It contains a polymeric matrix that can serve as an economical and non-toxic electrode material for the detection of a diverse range of analytes. However, its performance...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advances in colloid and interface science 2024-11, Vol.333, p.103284, Article 103284
Main Authors: Kamble, Bhagyashri B., Sharma, Kiran Kumar, Sonawane, Kailas D., Tayade, Shivaji N., Grammatikos, Sotirios, Reddy, Y. Veera Manohara, Reddy, S. Lokeswara, Shin, Jae Hwan, Park, Jong Pil
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biosensor
Characterization
Electrochemical detection
Graphitic carbon nitride
Nanomaterial
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Summary:Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has garnered much attention as a promising 2D material in the realm of electrochemical sensors. It contains a polymeric matrix that can serve as an economical and non-toxic electrode material for the detection of a diverse range of analytes. However, its performance is impeded by a relatively limited active surface area and inherent instability. Although electrochemistry involving metal-doped g-C3N4 nanomaterials is rapidly progressing, it remains relatively unexplored. The metal doping of g-C3N4 augments the electrochemically active surface area of the resulting electrode, which has the potential to significantly enhance electrode kinetics and bolster catalytic activity. Consequentially, the main objective of this review is to provide insight into the intricacies of synthesizing and characterizing metal-doped g-C3N4. Furthermore, we comprehensively delve into the fundamental attributes of electrochemical sensors based on metal-doped g-C3N4, with a specific focus on healthcare and environmental applications. These applications encompass a meticulous exploration of detecting biomolecules, drug molecules, and organic pollutants. [Display omitted] •A variety of synthetic approaches are examined for graphitic nitride based composites and electrochemical uses.•There are given an analysis of the present shortcomings and insights of the biosensing analytical systems.•The results of electrochemical detection in graphitic nitride sensors are compiled.•A brief discussion of the applications of graphitic carbon nitride in electrochemical detection of environmental pollutants, such as metals, pesticide residues, and antibiotics, was also covered.•There is consideration of the need for on-site recognition, global research trends, and the technology’ future availability.
ISSN:0001-8686
1873-3727
1873-3727
DOI:10.1016/j.cis.2024.103284