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Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning rescues prolonged underwater exercise-induced hippocampal dysfunction by regulating microglia activation and polarization
Underwater exercise is becoming increasingly prevalent, during which brain function is necessary but is also at risk. However, no study has explored how prolonged exercise affect the brain in underwater environment. Previous studies have indicated that excessive exercise in common environment causes...
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Published in: | Neuroscience research 2024-06 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Underwater exercise is becoming increasingly prevalent, during which brain function is necessary but is also at risk. However, no study has explored how prolonged exercise affect the brain in underwater environment. Previous studies have indicated that excessive exercise in common environment causes brain dysfunction but have failed to provide appropriate interventions. Numerous evidence has indicated the neuroprotective effect of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC). The objective of this study was to investigate the cognitive effect of prolonged underwater exercise (PUE) and to explore the potential neuroprotective effect of HBO-PC in underwater environment. Rats swimming for 3 h in a simulated hyperbaric chamber (2.0 ATA) was used to establish the PUE animal model and HBO-PC (2.5 ATA for 1, 3,5 times respectively) was administrated before PUE. The results demonstrated that PUE triggers anxiety-like behaviors, cognitive impairment accompanied by hippocampal dysfunction, microglia activation and neuroinflammation. Conversely, 3 HBO-PC rescued anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairment. Mechanistically, 3 HBO-PC reduced microglia activation and switched the activated microglia from a pro-inflammatory to neuroprotective phenotype. These findings illustrated that PUE induces anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairment and HBO-PC of proper frequency may provide an appropriate and less invasive intervention for protecting the brain in underwater exercise.
•Prolonged underwater exercise induced hippocampus dysfunction and neuroinflammation.•Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning rescues hippocampus dysfunction.•Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning regulates microglia activation and polarization. |
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ISSN: | 0168-0102 1872-8111 1872-8111 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.neures.2024.05.004 |