N‐glycan signatures identified in the serum from biliary tract cancer patients: Association with clinical diagnosis and prognosis

Background Changes in the expression of genes related to glycosyltransferases may lead to alterations in N‐glycan structure abundance, potentially acting as markers for diagnosis and prognosis in biliary tract cancer (BTC). Methods This study was divided into cross‐sectional and longitudinal approac...

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Published in:Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences 2024-08, Vol.31 (8), p.537-548
Main Authors: Huang, Chenjun, Qiu, Zhiquan, Wang, Mengmeng, Ji, Jun, Xiao, Xiao, Wang, Ying, Xu, Xuewen, Gao, Zhiyuan, Gao, Chunfang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
biliary tract cancer
diagnostic
Immunotherapy
Medical prognosis
N‐glycan structure
prognosis
Regression analysis
Risk factors
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Summary:Background Changes in the expression of genes related to glycosyltransferases may lead to alterations in N‐glycan structure abundance, potentially acting as markers for diagnosis and prognosis in biliary tract cancer (BTC). Methods This study was divided into cross‐sectional and longitudinal approaches. The cross‐sectional study included 316 BTC and 301 non‐BTC. Propensity score matching was applied to adjust for sex and age differences between BTC and non‐BTC. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified independent risk factors for BTC and constructed the BTC‐G model. The ROC curve was used to validate the diagnostic performance of BTC‐G. Longitudinal follow‐up studies included postoperative (N = 50) and immunotherapy (N = 43) follow‐up cohorts. Cox regression analysis identified N‐glycan structures impacting BTC prognosis postoperative and immunotherapy, with further confirmation through Kaplan–Meier curves. Results Univariate and multivariate analyses identified Peak3 (OR: 0.790, 95% CI: 0.658–0.949), Peak9 (OR: 1.646, 95% CI: 1.409–1.922), and Peak9p (OR: 2.467, 95% CI: 1.267–4.804) as independent BTC risk factors, leading to the creation of the BTC‐G. The ROC curve confirmed that BTC‐G performed well in training (AUC: 0.753, 95% CI: 0.703–0.799), validation (AUC: 0.811, 95% CI: 0.740–0.870), and CA19‐9 negative cohorts (AUC: 0.717, 95% CI: 0.664–0.767). Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves established that Peak12 (HR: 5.578, 95% CI: 1.145–27.170) and Peak11 (HR: 1.104, 95% CI: 0.611–1.994) are independent risk factors for BTC prognosis following surgery and immunotherapy, respectively. Conclusions Our NGFP technology supplements BTC diagnostics, distinguishing survival and recurrence subtypes for postoperative and immunotherapy, thereby supporting the development of treatment strategies. Using cross‐sectional and longitudinal approaches to explore the application of N‐glycan fingerprint technology in the diagnosis, postoperative evaluation, and immunotherapy outcomes of biliary tract cancer, Huang and colleagues demonstrated its potential in enhancing the diagnosis and prediction of outcomes, and pursuing the discovery of new biomarkers to improve prognostic management.
ISSN:1868-6974
1868-6982
1868-6982
DOI:10.1002/jhbp.12011