Longitudinal HbA1c patterns before the first treatment of diabetes in routine clinical practice: A latent class trajectory analysis

•A latent class trajectory analysis of longitudinal HbA1c data in clinical practice.•We found four distinct HbA1c trajectories preceding diabetes treatment initiation.•The four trajectories varied in steepness of increase in HbA1c.•The 48 mmol/mol diagnostic threshold is exceeded 9–17 months before...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diabetes research and clinical practice 2024-06, Vol.212, p.111722, Article 111722
Main Authors: Nicolaisen, Sia Kromann, le Cessie, Saskia, Thomsen, Reimar Wernich, Witte, Daniel R., Dekkers, Olaf M., Sørensen, Henrik Toft, Pedersen, Lars
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Glycated hemoglobin
HbA1c
Inertia
Laboratory data
Latent classes
Trajectories
Treatment initiation
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Summary:•A latent class trajectory analysis of longitudinal HbA1c data in clinical practice.•We found four distinct HbA1c trajectories preceding diabetes treatment initiation.•The four trajectories varied in steepness of increase in HbA1c.•The 48 mmol/mol diagnostic threshold is exceeded 9–17 months before first treatment.•The high HbA1c values before first treatment initiation imply therapeutic inertia. To examine the longitudinal heterogeneity of HbA1c preceding the initiation of diabetes treatment in clinical practice. In this population-based study, we used HbA1c from routine laboratory and healthcare databases. Latent class trajectory analysis was used to classify individuals according to their longitudinal HbA1c patterns before first glucose-lowering drug prescription irrespective of type of diabetes. Among 21,556 individuals initiating diabetes treatment during 2017–2018, 20,733 (96 %) had HbA1c measured (median 4 measurements [IQR 2–7]) in the 5 years preceding treatment initiation. Four classes with distinct HbA1c trajectories were identified, with varying steepness of increase in HbA1c. The largest class (74 % of the individuals) had mean HbA1c above the 48 mmol/mol threshold 9 months before treatment initiation. Mean HbA1c was 52 mmol/mol (95 % CI 52–52) at treatment initiation. In the remaining three classes, mean HbA1c exceeded 48 mmol/mol almost 1.5 years before treatment initiation and reached 79 mmol/mol (95 % CI 78–80), 105 mmol/mol (95 % CI 104–106), and 137 mmol/mol (95 % CI 135–140) before treatment initiation. We identified four distinct longitudinal HbA1c patterns before initiation of diabetes treatment in clinical practice. All had mean HbA1c levels exceeding the diagnostic threshold many months before treatment initiation, indicating therapeutic inertia.
ISSN:0168-8227
1872-8227
1872-8227
DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111722