Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing in the General Population from before to during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The COVID-19 lockdown had a profound effect on everyday life, including sleep health. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated changes in quantitative sleep parameters during the first lockdown compared with pre-lockdown in the general population. A search in scientific databases was perfo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2024-05, Vol.21 (5), p.583
Main Authors: Ceolin, Chiara, Limongi, Federica, Siviero, Paola, Trevisan, Caterina, Noale, Marianna, Catalani, Filippo, Conti, Silvia, Di Rosa, Elisa, Perdixi, Elena, Remelli, Francesca, Prinelli, Federica, Maggi, Stefania
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bias
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Cross-sectional studies
Humans
Longitudinal studies
Meta-analysis
Pandemics
Quarantine
SARS-CoV-2
Shelter in place
Sleep
Sleep Duration
Software
Systematic review
Time Factors
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Summary:The COVID-19 lockdown had a profound effect on everyday life, including sleep health. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated changes in quantitative sleep parameters during the first lockdown compared with pre-lockdown in the general population. A search in scientific databases was performed to identify eligible observational studies from inception to 8 February 2023. We performed a random effects meta-analysis of those studies reporting (a) means of sleep duration, time in bed (TIB), and sleep timing (bedtime and wake-up time); (b) the percentages of atypical sleep duration before and during the lockdown; (c) the percentages of change in sleep duration and sleep timing. A total of 154 studies were included. A small increase in sleep duration (0.25 standardized mean difference, 95% CI 0.180-0.315) was found, with 55.0% of the individuals reporting changes, predominantly an increase (35.2%). The pooled relative risk for sleeping more than 8/9 h per night was 3.31 (95% IC 2.60-4.21). There was a moderately significant delay in sleep timing and a surge in napping. An increase in sleep duration and napping, and delayed sleep timing were observed. High-quality studies should evaluate whether these parameters have now become chronic or have returned to pre-lockdown values.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph21050583