Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in goats (Capra hircus) in the state of Espírito Santo, Southeast Brazil

Toxoplasma gondii is described as a potential cause of abortion in goats and as a threat to public health. To estimate the prevalence of goats infected by T. gondii, in different cities in the Espírito Santo State, and to identify possible risk factors for infection a serological study was conducted...

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Published in:Veterinary parasitology (Amsterdam) 2024-06, Vol.51, p.101032-101032, Article 101032
Main Authors: Vicentini, Letícia Pereira Pedrini, Damiani, Lauany Santos Almeida, Beltrame, Marcus Alexandre Vaillant, Santos, Gabriella Lima, Mazuz, Monica Leszkowicz, Müller, Rosângela Aparecida, Lopes, Rosálida Estevam Nazar, Vitor, Ricardo Wagner Almeida, Fux, Blima
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antibodies, Protozoan - blood
Brazil - epidemiology
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - veterinary
Female
Goat Diseases - epidemiology
Goat Diseases - parasitology
Goats
Goats - parasitology
Immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT)
Immunoglobulin G - blood
Male
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Toxoplasma - immunology
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis, Animal - epidemiology
Toxoplasmosis, Animal - parasitology
Zoonosis
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Summary:Toxoplasma gondii is described as a potential cause of abortion in goats and as a threat to public health. To estimate the prevalence of goats infected by T. gondii, in different cities in the Espírito Santo State, and to identify possible risk factors for infection a serological study was conducted. A total of 146 goat serum samples from the cities of Cariacica, Serra and Vila Velha were analyzed. The presence of IgG Class Immunoglobulins was serologically evaluated by Immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii was 46.6% (68/146) in both techniques and the same samples got the same results in both techniques. Among the analyzed sera, 70.6% (48/68) exhibited high-avidity IgG antibodies, and 29.4% (20/68) exhibited low-avidity IgG antibodies, suggesting that the infection was chronic in the infected animals. Female sex, age group over two years old, water from the public supply system, storage of food and supplies in an open and unprotected place, and the presence of a domestic cat on the property were identified as risk factors for T. gondii infection in goats. The state of Espirito Santo has a high frequency of infected goats, and this is the first research on caprine toxoplasmosis seroepidemiology in that region. •Female goats had higher risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection.•Toxoplasma gondii frequency increases with age in goat herds.•Water from the public supply system raises the risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection.•Open food storage increases the chance of T. gondii transmission.
ISSN:2405-9390
2405-9390
DOI:10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101032