Expression Pattern of Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Progesterone Receptor in Gallbladder Carcinoma and Their Association with Clinicopathological Parameters and Overall Survival

Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Despite being first described two centuries ago, there are no targeted therapies available beyond conventional cytotoxic therapy. Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of gallbladder can...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of gastrointestinal cancer 2024-09, Vol.55 (3), p.1154-1164
Main Authors: Dash, Sashibhusan, Nayak, Mamita, Samantaray, Sagarika, Rout, Niranjan, Ranjit, Manoranjan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cancer Research
Gastroenterology
Internal Medicine
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Oncology
Radiotherapy
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Summary:Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Despite being first described two centuries ago, there are no targeted therapies available beyond conventional cytotoxic therapy. Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of gallbladder cancer is higher in females than males. This suggests that the gallbladder may be a female sex hormone-responsive organ, and these hormones might be involved in the pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the expression of ERα and PR in GBC and correlate their expression with clinicopathological variables and overall survival. Patients and Methods A total of 235 histopathologically diagnosed GBC cases were included in this hospital-based cross-sectional study. Clinicopathological data were collected, and the expression of ERα and PR was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results The mean age of this study population was 55.47 ± 8.45 with range 28–87 years. Females were predominated over male with a male-to-female ratio of 1:3.5. Positive nuclear expression of the ERα and PR was found in 13 (5.5%) and eight (3.4%) cases, respectively. Apart from nuclear staining, cytoplasmic expression of ERα and PR was found in three (1.2%) and 31 (13.2%) cases, respectively. Higher percentage of positive nuclear expression of ER was found in  4 ( p value = 0.02), advanced pT stage (T3) ( p value = 0.01), lymphovascular invasion ( p value = 0.02), and liver invasion ( p value = 0.04) which were statistically significant. Higher percentage of PR expression was also observed in 
ISSN:1941-6628
1941-6636
1941-6636
DOI:10.1007/s12029-024-01045-3