Advances in natural and synthetic macromolecules with stem cells and extracellular vesicles for orthopedic disease treatment

Serious orthopedic disorders resulting from myriad diseases and impairments continue to pose a considerable challenge to contemporary clinical care. Owing to its limited regenerative capacity, achieving complete bone tissue regeneration and complete functional restoration has proven challenging with...

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Published in:International journal of biological macromolecules 2024-05, Vol.268 (Pt 2), p.131874-131874, Article 131874
Main Authors: Wang, Supeng, Jia, Zhiqiang, Dai, Minghai, Feng, Xujun, Tang, Chengxuan, Liu, Liangle, Cao, Lingling
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biocompatible Materials - chemistry
Biomaterials
Bone Diseases - therapy
Bone Regeneration
Extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - chemistry
Humans
Macromolecular Substances - chemistry
Macromolecular Substances - pharmacology
Orthopedic diseases
Stem Cell Transplantation - methods
Stem cells
Stem Cells - cytology
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Summary:Serious orthopedic disorders resulting from myriad diseases and impairments continue to pose a considerable challenge to contemporary clinical care. Owing to its limited regenerative capacity, achieving complete bone tissue regeneration and complete functional restoration has proven challenging with existing treatments. By virtue of cellular regenerative and paracrine pathways, stem cells are extensively utilized in the restoration and regeneration of bone tissue; however, low survival and retention after transplantation severely limit their therapeutic effect. Meanwhile, biomolecule materials provide a delivery platform that improves stem cell survival, increases retention, and enhances therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we present the basic concepts of stem cells and extracellular vesicles from different sources, emphasizing the importance of using appropriate expansion methods and modification strategies. We then review different types of biomolecule materials, focusing on their design strategies. Moreover, we summarize several forms of biomaterial preparation and application strategies as well as current research on biomacromolecule materials loaded with stem cells and extracellular vesicles. Finally, we present the challenges currently impeding their clinical application for the treatment of orthopedic diseases. The article aims to provide researchers with new insights for subsequent investigations. [Display omitted]
ISSN:0141-8130
1879-0003
DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131874