Loading…
Dose rate conversion coefficients for ocular contamination in nuclear medicine: A Monte Carlo simulation with experimental validation
Background Since 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recommended an annual eye lens dose limit of 20 mSv for radiation workers, averaged over 5 years, with no year exceeding 50 mSv. However, limited research has been conducted on dose rate conversion coefficients...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Medical physics (Lancaster) 2024-08, Vol.51 (8), p.5645-5653 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Subjects: | |
| Citations: | Items that this one cites |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Summary: | Background
Since 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recommended an annual eye lens dose limit of 20 mSv for radiation workers, averaged over 5 years, with no year exceeding 50 mSv. However, limited research has been conducted on dose rate conversion coefficients (DCCs) for direct contamination of the eye.
Purpose
This study aimed to accurately determine DCCs for the eye lens and cornea for ocular contamination with radionuclides used in nuclear medicine.
Methods
DCCs for 37 radionuclides used in nuclear medicine were determined using two different methods. Method 1 involved conducting Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of an ICRU cylinder to determine the absorbed dose at a depth of 3 mm resulting from a point source. The accuracy of this simulation approach was validated by experimental thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements for 18F, 68Ga, 99mTc, and 177Lu. In method 2, average DCCs were calculated for the eye lens (complete and radiosensitive parts) and the cornea for both a point source and thin surface contamination centered on the cornea using MC simulations on the adult mesh‐type reference computational phantom of the eye from the ICRP (MRCP).
Results
DCCs determined from TLD measurements showed excellent agreement (deviations: +1.4%, +4.7%, −3.1%, and −2.5% for 18F, 68Ga, 99mTc, and 177Lu, respectively) compared to MC simulations of the experimental set‐up. For the 37 radionuclides, DCCs of the complete eye‐lens for a point source ranged from 2.53 × 10−7 to 4.15 × 10−2 mGy MBq−1 s−1 for the adult MRCPs, being substantially smaller compared to DCCs determined via MC simulations of a ICRU cylinder. In general, point source and surface contamination showed comparable DCCs for the eye lens. Radionuclides emitting low‐energy beta radiation or conversion electrons (e.g., 177Lu, 99mTc) showed low DCCs as the radiation does not penetrate to the depth of the eye lens, while radionuclides emitting high‐energy beta radiation (e.g., 90Y) showed high DCCs. Overall, DCCs for the radiosensitive part of the eye lens were larger (up to a factor of 3) compared to the complete eye lens. DCCs for the cornea were larger than for the eye lens with a factor that strongly depended on the emitted radiation type. Especially alpha emitters (e.g., 211At, 223Ra) showed high DCCs for the cornea because of the short range of alpha radiation, leading to local maxima in the cornea and not reaching the eye lens.
Conclusion
DCCs at a depth of 3 |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 0094-2405 2473-4209 2473-4209 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/mp.17073 |