Flow injection determination of lead and cadmium in hair samples from workers exposed to welding fumes

A flow injection procedure involving continuous acid leaching for lead and cadmium determination in hair samples of persons in permanent contact with a polluted workplace environment by flame atomic absorption spectrometry is proposed. Variables such as sonication time, nature and concentration of t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analytica chimica acta 2007-09, Vol.600 (1), p.221-225
Main Authors: Cespón-Romero, R.M., Yebra-Biurrun, M.C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical chemistry
Applied sciences
Cadmium
Cadmium - analysis
Chemistry
Continuous ultrasonic extraction
Exact sciences and technology
Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
Flow Injection Analysis - methods
Global environmental pollution
Hair - chemistry
Hair of occupationally exposed workers
Humans
Lead
Lead - analysis
Occupational Exposure
Pollution
Spectrometric and optical methods
Welding
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Summary:A flow injection procedure involving continuous acid leaching for lead and cadmium determination in hair samples of persons in permanent contact with a polluted workplace environment by flame atomic absorption spectrometry is proposed. Variables such as sonication time, nature and concentration of the acid solution used as leaching solution, leaching temperature, flow-rate of the continuous manifold, leaching solution volume and hair particle size were simultaneously studied by applying a Plackett–Burman design approach. Results showed that nitric acid concentration (leaching solution), leaching temperature and sonication time were statistically significant variables (confidence interval of 95%). These last two variables were finally optimised by using a central composite design. The proposed procedure allowed the determination of cadmium and lead with limits of detection 0.1 and 1.0 μg g −1, respectively. The accuracy of the developed procedure was evaluated by the analysis of a certified reference material (CRM 397, human hair, from the BCR). The proposed method was applied with satisfactory results to the determination of Cd and Pb in human hair samples of workers exposed to welding fumes.
ISSN:0003-2670
1873-4324
DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2006.11.075