Substitution of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids from olive oil for saturated fatty acids from lard increases low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 fractional catabolic rate in subjects with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance: a randomized controlled trial

The substitution of monounsaturated acids (MUFAs) for saturated fatty acids (SFAs) is recommended for cardiovascular disease prevention but its impact on lipoprotein metabolism in subjects with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance (IR) remains largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate...

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Published in:The American journal of clinical nutrition 2024-05, Vol.119 (5), p.1270-1279
Main Authors: Desjardins, Louis-Charles, Brière, Francis, Tremblay, André J, Rancourt-Bouchard, Maryka, Drouin-Chartier, Jean-Philippe, Corbeil, Jacques, Lemelin, Valéry, Charest, Amélie, Schaefer, Ernst J, Lamarche, Benoît, Couture, Patrick
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Apolipoprotein B
Apolipoprotein B-100 - blood
Apolipoproteins
Cardiovascular diseases
Cholesterol
Clinical trials
Cross-Over Studies
Density
Diet
Dietary Fats
Double-Blind Method
Dyslipidemia
Dyslipidemias - diet therapy
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids - blood
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
Female
High density lipoprotein
Humans
Insulin
Insulin Resistance
Kinetics
Lipid metabolism
lipidomics
lipoprotein metabolism
Lipoproteins
Low density lipoprotein
Male
Metabolic disorders
Metabolism
Middle Aged
monounsaturated fatty acids
Olive Oil
saturated fatty acids
Substitutes
Triglycerides
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Summary:The substitution of monounsaturated acids (MUFAs) for saturated fatty acids (SFAs) is recommended for cardiovascular disease prevention but its impact on lipoprotein metabolism in subjects with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance (IR) remains largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of substituting MUFAs for SFAs on the in vivo kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo)B-containing lipoproteins and on the plasma lipidomic profile in adults with IR-induced dyslipidemia. Males and females with dyslipidemia associated with IR (n = 18) were recruited for this crossover double-blind randomized controlled trial. Subjects consumed, in random order, a diet rich in SFAs (SFAs: 13.4%E; MUFAs: 14.4%E) and a diet rich in MUFAs (SFAs: 7.1%E; MUFAs: 20.7%E) in fully controlled feeding conditions for periods of 4 wk each, separated by a 4-wk washout. At the end of each diet, fasting plasma samples were taken together with measurements of the in vivo kinetics of apoB-containing lipoproteins. Substituting MUFAs for SFAs had no impact on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apoB-48 fractional catabolic rate (FCR) (Δ = –8.9%, P = 0.4) and production rate (Δ = 0.0%, P = 0.9), although it decreased very low-density lipoprotein apoB-100 pool size (PS) (Δ = −22.5%; P = 0.01). This substitution also reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (Δ = −7.0%; P = 0.01), non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Δ = −2.5%; P = 0.04), and LDL apoB-100 PS (Δ = −6.0%; P = 0.05). These differences were partially attributed to an increase in LDL apoB-100 FCR (Δ = +1.6%; P = 0.05). The MUFA diet showed reduced sphingolipid concentrations and elevated glycerophospholipid levels compared with the SFA diet. This study demonstrated that substituting dietary MUFAs for SFAs decreases LDL-C levels and LDL PS by increasing LDL apoB-100 FCR and results in an overall improved plasma lipidomic profile in individuals with IR-induced lipidemia. This trial was registered as clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03872349.
ISSN:0002-9165
1938-3207
1938-3207
DOI:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.03.015