A nutritional supplement during preconception and pregnancy increases human milk vitamin D but not B-vitamin concentrations

Optimal maternal vitamin status during pregnancy and lactation is essential to support maternal and infant health. For instance, vitamin D is involved in infant bone development, and B-vitamins are involved in various metabolic processes, including energy production. Through a double-blind randomise...

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Published in:Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Scotland), 2023-12, Vol.42 (12), p.2443-2456
Main Authors: Han, Soo Min, Huang, Fang, Derraik, José G B, Vickers, Mark H, Devaraj, Surabhi, Redeuil, Karine, Campos-Giménez, Esther, Pang, Wei Wei, Godfrey, Keith M, Chan, Shiao-Yng, Thakkar, Sagar K, Cutfield, Wayne S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cholecalciferol
Dietary Supplements
Double-Blind Method
Female
Humans
Infant
Lactation
Milk, Human - chemistry
Pregnancy
Vitamin A - analysis
Vitamin D - analysis
Vitamins - analysis
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Summary:Optimal maternal vitamin status during pregnancy and lactation is essential to support maternal and infant health. For instance, vitamin D is involved in infant bone development, and B-vitamins are involved in various metabolic processes, including energy production. Through a double-blind randomised controlled trial, we investigated the effects of maternal supplementation from preconception throughout pregnancy until birth on human milk (HM) concentrations of vitamin D and B-vitamins. In addition, we aimed to characterise longitudinal changes in milk concentrations of these vitamins. Both control and intervention supplements contained calcium, iodine, iron, β-carotene, and folic acid, while the intervention also contained zinc, vitamins B , B , B , and D , probiotics, and myo-inositol. HM samples were collected across 4 time points from 1 week to 3 months post-delivery from 158 mothers in Singapore, and 7 time points from 1 week to 12 months from 180 mothers in New Zealand. HM vitamin D was quantified using supercritical fluid chromatography and B-vitamins with mass spectrometry. Potential intervention effects on HM vitamins D , B , B , and B , as well as other B-vitamin (B and B ) concentrations were assessed using linear mixed models with a repeated measures design. Over the first 3 months of lactation, HM 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were 20% (95% CI 8%, 33%, P = 0.001) higher in the intervention group, with more marked effects in New Zealand. There were no observed intervention effects on HM concentrations of vitamins B , B , B , B , and B . In New Zealand mothers, longitudinally, vitamin D concentrations gradually increased from early lactation up to 12 months, while vitamins B and B peaked at 6 weeks, B at 3 weeks, and B and B at 3 months. Maternal supplementation during preconception and pregnancy increased HM vitamin D, but not B-vitamin concentrations in lactation. Further studies are required to examine the discrete benefits of vitamin D supplementation starting preconception vs during pregnancy, and to further characterise the effects of supplementation on later offspring health outcomes. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on the 16 July 2015 (identifier NCT02509988); Universal Trial Number U1111-1171-8056. This study was academic-led by the EpiGen Global Research Consortium.
ISSN:0261-5614
1532-1983
DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.009