Phenolic-rich extracts from toasted white and tannin sorghum flours have distinct profiles influencing their antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-adhesive, anti-invasive, and antimalarial activities

[Display omitted] •Extracts with different phenolic profiles had varying biological activities in vitro.•Sorghum ethanolic extract exhibited selectivity against cancer cells.•Increased ROS production in cells indicates a possible pathway to cytotoxicity.•Antimetastatic potential against HCT8 cells w...

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Published in:Food research international 2024-01, Vol.176, p.113739-113739, Article 113739
Main Authors: Paes, Laise Trindade, D'Almeida, Carolina Thomaz dos Santos, do Carmo, Mariana Araújo Vieira, da Silva Cruz, Laura, Bubula de Souza, Amanda, Viana, Leonara Martins, Gonçalves Maltarollo, Vinicius, Martino, Hércia Stampini Duarte, Domingues de Almeida Lima, Graziela, Larraz Ferreira, Mariana Simões, Azevedo, Luciana, Barros, Frederico Augusto Ribeiro de
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antimalarials - pharmacology
Antioxidant supplement
Antioxidants - analysis
Antioxidants - pharmacology
Antiplasmodial effect
Bioactive compounds
Chloroquine
Chromatography, Liquid
Cytotoxicity
Edible Grain - chemistry
Flavonoids
Humans
Phenolic profile
Phenols - analysis
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
ROS
Solvents
Sorghum
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Tannins
Water
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Extracts with different phenolic profiles had varying biological activities in vitro.•Sorghum ethanolic extract exhibited selectivity against cancer cells.•Increased ROS production in cells indicates a possible pathway to cytotoxicity.•Antimetastatic potential against HCT8 cells was shown by sorghum phenolic extracts.•Sorghum phenolic extracts exhibited toxicity against Plasmodium falciparum strains. Sorghum is a gluten-free cereal commonly used in foods, and its consumption has been associated with the prevention of human chronic conditions such as obesity and cancer, due to the presence of dietary fiber and phenolic compounds. This study aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-adhesion, anti-invasion, and antimalarial activities of phenolic extracts from toasted white and tannin sorghum flours to understand how different phenolic profiles contribute to sorghum biological activities. Water and 70 % ethanol/water (v/v), eco-friendly solvents, were used to obtain the phenolic extracts of toasted sorghum flours, and their phenolic profile was analyzed by UPLC-MSE. One hundred forty-five (145) phenolic compounds were identified, with 23 compounds common to all extracts. The solvent type affected the phenolic composition, with aqueous extract of both white sorghum (WSA) and tannin sorghum (TSA) containing mainly phenolic acids. White sorghum (WSE) and tannin sorghum (TSE) ethanolic extracts exhibited a higher abundance of flavonoids. WSE demonstrated the lowest IC50 on EA.hy926 (IC50 = 46.6 µg/mL) and A549 cancer cells (IC50 = 33.1 µg/mL), while TSE showed the lowest IC50 (IC50 = 70.8 µg/mL) on HCT-8 cells (human colon carcinoma). Aqueous extracts also demonstrated interesting results, similar to TSE, showing selectivity for cancer cells at higher IC50 concentrations. All sorghum extracts also reduced the adhesion and invasion of HCT-8 cells, suggesting antimetastatic potential. WSE, rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, exhibited greater toxicity to both the W2 (chloroquine-resistant) and 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) strains of Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 = 8 µg GAE/mL and 22.9 µg GAE/mL, respectively). These findings underscore the potential health benefits of toasted sorghum flours, suggesting diverse applications in the food industry as a functional ingredient or even as an antioxidant supplement. Moreover, it is suggested that, besides the phenolic concentration, the phenolic profile is important
ISSN:0963-9969
1873-7145
DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113739